JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

MEDICAL SONOGRAPHER VACANCY IN LAGOS NIGERIA

2011-09-28T14:01:00.001-07:00

MEDICAL SONOGRAPHER VACANCY IN LAGOS NIGERIA

Job Vacancy Title: MEDICAL SONOGRAPHER VACANCY IN LAGOS NIGERIA

Applications are cordially invited from qualified applicants to fill the limited vacancy in the Medical Ultrasound Sector that exists at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, for the position below:

Position: MEDICAL SONOGRAPHER:

Job Qualification:

Applicants must possess a degree in Health Sciences with at least 3 years post qualification experiences in Medical Ultrasounds

Applicants must not be more than 50 years old

METHOD OF APPLICATION:

All applications with photocopies of:
(a) First School Leaving Certificate
(b) West African School Certificate or its equivalent.
(c) Diplomas and Degrees.
(d National Youth Service Corps Certificate.
(e) A detailed Curriculum Vitae, indicating telephone Numbers, E-mail and contact address should be forward to:
Ms. Edith

The Administrator
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX,
JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street,
Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu
Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria
Email: joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
TEL:
+23418112054
+2348032509975
http://www.joasmedical.com

Application Deadline is 30th October 2011

ACCOUNTING CLERK VACANCIES

2011-04-28T23:37:00.000-07:00

ACCOUNTING CLERK VACANCIES

Applications are cordially invited from qualified applicants to fill the limited vacancies in the Accounting Departments that exists at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, for the position below:

Position: ACCOUNTS CLERK/ Accounting Assistant

Qualification:
ACCOUNTS CLERK: Candidate must possess a minimum of WASC/SSCE/OND or equivalent , with a Diploma or Certificate in Accounting

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Minimum of 3 Years.
Previous work experience in a Medical Diagnostic Center , Hospital or Medical Laboratory, and living around Ikotun Lagos environs are added advantages [But not compulsory].
[1] Must have drive and initiative
[2] Good inter-personal relationship skill.
[3] Ability to deliver results and meet targets
Applicants must not be more than 30 years old

JOB DESCRIPTION: Preparation of various management and financial packs including: • Processing invoices and bank reconciliation. • Producing monthly management accounts. This will include reconciling and invoicing for monthly management fees and cost/income analysis. • Full review of Year end and Interim Fund accounts • Quarterly VAT returns • The year-end audit process and preparation of Company accounts. • Other management reports for monthly meetings Employment Status Full time Type of Remuneration Salary plus incentives

METHOD OF APPLICATION:All applications with photocopies of:
(a) First School Leaving Certificate
(b) West African School Certificate or its equivalent.
(c) A detailed Curriculum Vitae, indicating telephone Number’s, E-mail and contact address should be forwarded IN PERSON to:

The Administrator
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX——-WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER AND DIAGNOSTIC CLINIC. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, FERTILITY SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.
We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

For Appointments, Interviews and Further Details Contact
Mrs. Efughi
08033535729
EMAIL:
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
http://www.joasmedical.com

Application Deadline is 30th May 2011

HOW BREAST FEEDING CAN SAVE YOUR BABY, KEEP YOU IN SHAPE AND SAVE YOU LOADS OF MONEY

2010-09-12T03:38:00.001-07:00

HOW BREAST FEEDING CAN SAVE YOUR BABY, KEEP YOU IN SHAPE AND SAVE YOU LOADS OF MONEY

These are modern times, and many ladies are very conscious of their body and figure, especially their breasts.

Seeing that the breasts are the most prominent and highly desired part of a female body, it is not so surprising why ladies are willing to sacrifice the health of their babies to save the look of their most treasured part , the breasts.

Plastic surgeons have made millions of dollars working on the female breasts, from simple augmentation to breast implants. So that ladies can really look their best for their admirers.

However, for a nursing mother this can be a very dangerous step. In this article we are going to see show you the benefits of breast feeding, how it can still keep you in shape, save you loads of money and keep your baby safe and healthy.

Once you've given birth, breast feeding is the single most important thing you can do to protect your baby

and help to promote good health[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]. Best of all, breast feeding is free.

[1] Along with saving you money on HMR (Human Milk Replacement), breast feeding can also help you to

keep your medical bills down[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]. Babies that are fed with formula get sicker more often and more seriously than babies that are breast fed They also have more ear infections, respiratory infections, and other problems.

This can be even more true if your family has had a history of allergies. When a baby is breast fed, the antibodies pass on from the mother to the baby, helping to protect against illness and allergies. As the baby's system matures, his body will begin to make it's own antibodies, and he'll be more equipped to handle sensitivities of food.

[2] Sucking on the breast will also help with the development or jaw alignment and the development of the cheekbone. For this very reason, there is less of the need for costly orthodontic work when the child gets older.

[3] Unlike formula, breast milk is always ready, always available, convenient, and always the right temperature for feeding. Plus, it contains all of the vitamins and minerals your growing baby needs, saving you a lot of money.

[4] Breast feeding also offers many benefits for the mom as well. The baby sucking at the breast will cause contractions right after birth, leading to less bleeding for the mom, and helping her uterus to it's

shape before pregnancy much faster. [FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ].

[5] Breast feeding will also burn calories, so a mom can lose weight much faster than if she fed her baby with a bottle. Breast feeding will also create a special bond with the mother and the baby - which is one thing formula simpy cannot do. [FOR FURTHER READING GO TO...http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ].

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX——-WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER AND DIAGNOSTIC CLINIC . WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES,FOLLICULAR TRACKING SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships.

PCOS AN ANCIENT FOE, AND LATEST MENANCE TO FEMALE FERTILITY, THAT HAS STOPPED MANY WOMEN FROM GETTING PREGNANT

2010-08-28T20:58:00.000-07:00

PCOS AN ANCIENT FOE, AND LATEST MENANCE TO FEMALE FERTILITY, THAT HAS STOPPED MANY WOMEN FROM GETTING PREGNANT

You need to see her, she was very pretty, but also very large. I was surprised when she told me that she is only 24 years old, I was thinking she should be 32, but her size made my judgement wrong.

Tinu [not her real name] is a great gal, very jovial and lively person to be with, however she is suffering from infertility. She has been married very early in her life, at age 20.

Of course coming from an affluent family, no body associated her obesity with any medical condition, it was thought to be an evidence of good living. However when she tried getting pregnant and remained infertile for long, she decided to go for a fertility check up.

One of those reasons brought her to me. After undergoing a Transvaginal Scan, I immediately noticed she has a peculiar ovarian problem called Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [PCOS].

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a problem in which a woman,s hormones are out of balance.

Polycystic ovaries develop when the ovaries are stimulated to produce excessive amounts of male hormones (androgens), particularly testosterone, either through the release of excessive luteinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary gland or through high levels of insulin in the blood (hyperinsulinaemia) in women whose ovaries are sensitive to this stimulus.

PCOS is surprisingly a very common condition affecting as many as 1 in 15 women, often symptoms begin early in their teen years. The good thing is that treatment can help control the symptoms and prevent long-term problems.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

CAUSE:

The exact cause of PCOS is not known, but it is thought to be hereditary and in the genes. That is why we cannot talk about prevention , because we cannot really isolate the cause.

The principal features of PCOS are obesity, anovulation, irregular or absent menstruation, infertility, hirsutism, acne, and excessive amount of androgenic hormones [masculinisation]
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

DIAGNOSIS

Not all women with PCOS have polycystic ovaries (PCO), nor do all women with ovarian cysts have PCOS, although pelvic ultrasound especially Transvaginal Ultrasound is a major diagnostic tool, it is not the only one. The diagnosis is straightforward using the Rotterdam criteria, even when the syndrome is associated with a wide range of symptoms.

Standard diagnostic assessments:

[1] History-taking, specifically for menstrual pattern, obesity, hirsutism, and the absence of breast development. A clinical prediction rule found that these four questions can diagnose PCOS with a sensitivity of 77.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 62.7%–88.0%) and a specificity of 93.8% (95% CI 82.8%–98.7%)

[2] Gynaecologic ultrasonography especially Transvaginal Ultrasound, specifically looking for small ovarian follicles . These are believed to be the result of disturbed ovarian function with failed ovulation, reflected by the infrequent or absent menstruation that is typical of the condition.

In normal menstrual cycle, one egg is released from a dominant follicle - essentially a cyst that bursts to release the egg. After ovulation the follicle remnant is transformed into aprogesterone producing corpus luteum, which shrinks and disappears after approximately 12–14 days. In PCOS, there is a so called "follicular arrest", i.e., several follicles develop to a size of 5–7 mm, but not further. No single follicle reach the preovulatory size (16 mm or more). According to the Rotterdam criteria, 12 or more small follicles should be seen in a ovary on ultrasound examination. The follicles may be oriented in the periphery, giving the appearance of a 'string of pearls'. The numerous follicles contribute to the increased size of the ovaries, that is, 1.5 to 3 times larger than normal.

[3] Laparoscopic examination may reveal a thickened, smooth, pearl-white outer surface of the ovary. (This would usually be an incidental finding if laparoscopy were performed for some other reason, as it would not be routine to examine the ovaries in this way to confirm a diagnosis of PCOS).

[4] Serum (blood) levels of androgens (male hormones), including androstenedione, testosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may be elevated The free testosterone level is thought to be the best measure, with approximately 60% of PCOS patients demonstrating supranormal levels. The Free androgen index of the ratio of testosterone to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), is meant to be a predictor of free testosterone, but is a poor parameter for this and is no better than testosterone alone as a marker for PCOS, possibly because FAI is correlated with the degree of obesity.

[5] Some other blood tests are suggestive but not diagnostic. The ratio of LH (Luteinizing hormone) to FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) is greater than 1:1, as tested on Day 3 of the menstrual cycle. The pattern is not very specific and was present in less than 50% in one study. There are often low levels of sex hormone binding globulin, particularly among obese women.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Common assessments for associated conditions or risks

[1] Fasting biochemical screen and lipid profile

[2] 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) in patients with risk factors (obesity, family history, history of gestational diabetes) and may indicate impaired glucose tolerance (insulin resistance) in 15-30% of women with PCOS. Frank diabetes can be seen in 65–68% of women with this condition. Insulin resistance can be observed in both normal weight and overweight patients.

For exclusion of other disorders that may cause similar symptoms:

[1] Prolactin to rule out hyperprolactinemia

[2] TSH to rule out hypothyroidism

[3] 17-hydroxyprogesterone to rule out 21-hydroxylase deficiency (congenital adrenal hyperplasia). Many such women may appear similar to PCOS and be made worse by insulin resistance or obesity, but they can be greatly helped by adrenal suppression with low-dose glucocorticoid therapy.

[4] Fasting insulin level or GTT with insulin levels (also called IGTT). Elevated insulin levels have been helpful to predict response to medication and may indicate women who will need higher dosages of metformin or the use of a second medication to significantly lower insulin levels. Elevated blood sugar and insulin values do not predict who responds to an insulin-lowering medication, low-glycemic diet, and exercise. Many women with normal levels may benefit from combination therapy. A hypoglycemic response in which the two-hour insulin level is higher and the blood sugar lower than fasting is consistent with insulin resistance. A mathematical derivation known as the HOMAI, calculated from the fasting values in glucose and insulin concentrations, allows a direct and moderately accurate measure of insulin sensitivity (glucose-level x insulin-level/22.5).

[5] Glucose tolerance testing (GTT) instead of fasting glucose can increase diagnosis of increased glucose tolerance and frank diabetes among patients with PCOS according to a prospective controlled trial .While fasting glucose levels may remain within normal limits, oral glucose tests revealed that up to 38% of asymptomatic women with PCOS (versus 8.5% in the general population) actually had impaired glucose tolerance, 7.5% of those with frank diabetes according to ADA guidelines.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Since the cause of PCOS is not know, the treatment options becomes complex.

However taking care of the symptoms have always been the best way to go. For instance obese patients with PCOS are advised to lose weight , this will help with insulin resistance and diabetes symptoms, including improving fertility hormones.

Other medical treatments such as using hormones or ovulation inducing drugs including ovarian drilling have assisted PCOS sufferers who are usually infertile to get pregnant.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Regards

Dr. Victor Efughi

Consultant Clinical Specialist Sonographer & Diagnostic Fertility Expert

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX——-WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER AND DIAGNOSTIC CLINIC. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES,FOLLICULAR TRACKING SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships.

NOT READY FOR PREGNANCY YET? THEN PROTECT YOURSELF WITH BIRTH CONTROL

2010-08-07T02:03:00.000-07:00

NOT READY FOR PREGNANCY YET? THEN PROTECT YOURSELF WITH BIRTH CONTROL

These are modern days and many of the young ladies are either in institutes of higher learning or working in blue chip company pushing their carreer forward. So are not ready yet to start a family even though they maybe married.
Another group are those ladies that already have one or more children and are thinking of delaying child birth or stop all together.

To all these ladies there are many ways of protecting yourself from unwanted pregnancies . Yes there are many birth control options available to them.

The most popular one is the condom popularly called rubber or raincoat. They are highly effective against preventing unwanted pregnancy . What is unique about them is that they can protect one from getting pregnant as well as sexually transmitted disease.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

It is important that one look for and buy condoms that are known for their strength and durability so as to prevent break and leakage.

Another birth control method that is effective is the Birth Control Pills. This requires taking of a pill each and everyday of the month. This method works if only the lady obeys the rules and never miss a pill.

Birth control pills are not suitable for smokers, and ladies with uterine tumours and cysts.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

If one think she is likely to miss one day or more with the pills. Another very efficient method is the Depo injection, this is very convenient because it can last for 3 months and sometimes stops the menstruation. The negative part of this method is that Depo has been linked to poor absorption of calcium. That is why Depo users are urged to take calcium supplement each day.

The last method I wil describe in this write up is the use of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device [IUCD]. These can come in different forms such as the Copper-T, Mirena Coil, Loop etc. They are all designed to stop pregnancy , this is either done with the use of a copper device which is spermicidal or ones that release progestin [hormones].

Two mehods that I will not recommend for ladies to use as a means of birth control options are emergency contraception , like a quick shot from your doctor or the use of abortion as a means of birth control. The effect of these methods in the long run can be devastating.

However among the 3 earlier methods described, I am sure ladies can find one that suit them and can prevent unwanted pregnancies until they are ready to start or continue having children.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Regards

Dr. Victor Efughi
Consultant Clinical Specialist Sonographer

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX——-WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES,FOLLICULAR TRACKING SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:

+23418112054

+2348023069403

+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

YOU ARE NOW PREGNANT!! HOW SERIOUSLY ARE YOU TAKING YOUR PRENATAL CARE?

2010-08-02T23:03:00.000-07:00

YOU ARE NOW PREGNANT!! HOW SERIOUSLY ARE YOU TAKING YOUR PRENATAL CARE?

When you get pregnant, even though it is early, as long as you have confirmed it by home pregnancy test or by your doctor, you may experience a wide arrays of emotions. These emotions may come as excitement, hope, as well as fear.

When it comes to the birth of a child, particularly a first child, there are many mothers who have a number of different issues or concerns that must be dealt with. Those issues and concerns may include money, additional living space, healthcare, and needed baby supplies, like baby formula and diapers. Although these are all issues and concerns that must be dealt with, something should come first. That is the health of you and your baby. The moment that you learn that you are pregnant, you should start taking steps to receive prenatal care.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Although it is important to hear that prenatal care is something that you should seek right away, there are many mothers, especially first time mothers, who wonder what is so important about doing so. If this is a question that you have asked yourself, you are not alone. A few of the many reasons why you should actively seek prenatal care, when pregnant, are outlined below.

What you need to know is that prenatal care is important to your baby’s health, as well as your health. Although a large focus will be placed on your baby and its development, prenatal care is also used to ensure that you are healthy as well. This often involves monitoring your weight, your blood pressure, as well as the expanding size of your stomach. That is one of the many reasons why you should attend all of your prenatal care appointments, as it is important to your health, as well as your baby’s.

Another reason why prenatal care appointments are important is because they can be used to determine if your baby will have any medical conditions or complications when they are born. While many parents do not want to know, ahead of time, there are many others who do. Knowing if your baby will have any medical conditions is important, as it can help you financially prepare for those complications and any life adjustments that need to be made.

The above mentioned reasons are just a few of the many reasons why it is important that you seek prenatal care when pregnant. In addition to monitoring your health and the healthy of your baby, you should also seek prenatal care as it is a fun, exciting, and an important experience. When attending your prenatal care appointments, whether you be seeing a family practice doctor, an OBGYN, or a midwife, you should be able to see a sonogram of your baby, as well as hear his or her heartbeat. These things are things that parents never forget.

Despite the importance of prenatal care, there are many pregnant women who do not seek it. This occurs for a number of different reasons; however, the most common reason is associated with money. If you are currently uninsured or if your health insurance doesn’t cover prenatal care, you may be concerned with the cost of it, as you should be. What you should know is that many healthcare professionals would be more than willing to work with, like with the creation of a payment plan. There are also health centers, which can be found all across the country, that are designed for low-income women or those without medical insurance.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

As outlined above, prenatal care is extremely important to your health and the health of your baby, when you are pregnant. Whether you are having your first child or your third, it is important that you seek the recommended amount of prenatal care. Pregnancy is one of the most important issues that you will have to deal with in your life and it is extremely important that it is dealt with in the proper matter.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Regards

Dr. Victor Efughi
Consultant Clinical Specialist Sonographer

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX——-WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES,FOLLICULAR TRACKING SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.
We are located at
JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

HOW THESE TESTS FOR INFERTILITY CAN HELP YOU GET PREGNANT AND GIVE YOU HAPPINESS IN YOUR MARRIAGE

2010-06-11T12:11:00.000-07:00

HOW THESE TESTS FOR INFERTILITY CAN HELP YOU GET PREGNANT AND GIVE YOU HAPPINESS IN YOUR MARRIAGE

http://www.infertilitytreatments.co.cc/

Infertility generally means the inability of a woman to get pregnant after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse or six months of unprotected intercourse if the woman is 35 years or older.

If a woman keep having miscarriages, it is also called infertility.

There are many causes of infertility such as:

[1] AGE: If a woman is 35 years or older the numbers of quality eggs [follicles] she produces reduces, so reducing her fertility status.

[2] SMOKING: This has been found to affect a woman’s hormone and affect her ovulation.

[3] SEXUALLY TRANSMITTTED DISEASES: These infections cause damages to the womb, fallopian tubes and the ovaries, making it difficult for the woman to conceive.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

[4] BODY WEIGHT AND EATING DISORDER: If a woman is fat or obese, the extra fat cells produce excess hormones that can affect her fertility .

If she is thin, she produces less fertility hormones, so becoming infertile.

[5] OVARIAN FACTOR: Such as polycystic ovaries, anovulation, premature menopause, endometriosis, and pelvic adhesions.One or all of these conditions if present can seriously affect the ovaries and cause infertility.

[6] UTERINE FACTOR: Congenital and acquired uterine malformations, uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, Asherman’s syndrome and uterine cavity scarring can adversely affect a woman’s fertility.

[7] CERVICAL FACTOR: Cervical stenosis, nonreceptive cervical mucus, antisperm antibodies can adversely affect the male sperms entering the uterus.

[8] TUBAL FACTOR: Endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal dysfunction, tubal occlusions including mucus plug can block the fallopian tubes making it impossible for the sperms to reach the eggs so causing infertility.

[9] VAGINAL FACTOR: Vaginismus and vaginal obstruction including septum.

[10] MALE FACTOR: Low sperm count.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Looking at these causes of infertility, the best way to go around or through them to get pregnant is to run appropriate tests such as:

[1] LAB TESTS

[A] HORMONE TESTING: Many tests are available to help diagnose the cause of infertility in females. Blood tests are a major part of this testing. Blood tests for female infertility mainly measure the levels of various hormones. Various hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone, all affect each other in complex ways. If one of these hormone levels is abnormal, other hormones will probably have abnormal levels as well.

[B] HVS and PAP SMEAR: Used to check out for infection

[C] POST COITAL TEST: A postcoital test checks a woman's cervical mucus after sex to see whether sperm are present and moving normally. This test may be used if a woman is not able to become pregnant (infertility) and other tests have not found a cause.

[D] SEMEN ANALYSIS: A semen analysis measures the amount of semen a man produces and determines the number and quality of sperm in the semen sample.

A semen analysis is usually one of the first tests done to help determine whether a man has a problem fathering a child (infertility).

[2] TRANSVAGINAL SCAN : A pelvic ultrasound scan (or a transvaginal ultrasound scan) is a relatively painless fertility test to test for female infertility - it enables your doctor to examine the structure of your internal organs and detect possible obstacles to getting pregnant.

Types of Ultrasounds used in Infertility Treatments

There are two main types of ultrasounds used during infertility treatment. You will probably undergo both procedures numerous times.

Abdominal Ultrasound

The abdominal ultrasound, or pelvic ultrasound, is the one that most people are familiar with. It is commonly used during pregnancy to check on the health of your baby. For infertility treatment, abdominal ultrasound is used to assess the overall health of your reproductive system. It can locate:

[1]uterine fibroids

[2]cysts

[3]endometriosis

[4]polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

What Happens During an Abdominal Ultrasound?

During an abdominal ultrasound, an ultrasound probe will be moved over your stomach. Ultrasound gel will be rubbed over your belly to facilitate the movement of the probe. In order to produce the best picture possible, you will have to go into the procedure with a full bladder. This helps to push the bowel away from your uterus, providing a better image. It also aids in transmitting the sound waves produced by the ultrasound machine. Though an abdominal ultrasound is far from painful, it can be uncomfortable because your bladder is full.

Transvaginal Ultrasound

The transvaginal ultrasound is used to assess the health of your harder-to-see reproductive organs, including:

[1]your cervix

[2]your fallopian tubes

[3]your ovaries

The vaginal ultrasound is also an essential part of assisted reproductive treatments, especially IVF and IUI. It is used to analyze the health of the eggs in your ovaries and it is also helpful in determining how your follicles are responding to hormone treatment. Transvaginal ultrasound is also used to determine when to induce ovulation during IVF treatment.

What Happens During a Transvaginal Ultrasound?

During a transvaginal ultrasound, an ultrasound probe is inserted into your vagina. This is not painful, and feels very much like a tampon. Ultrasound waves emitted by the probe travel up your vagina and bounce off your ovaries. This provides your reproductive specialist with a very clear image of your eggs and ovaries. You do not need to have a full bladder during your transvaginal ultrasounds.

Using Ultrasounds in Infertility Treatments

Ultrasounds are used frequently during infertility treatments and procedures. They are often used in order to monitor the growth of egg follicles and to determine when procedures should be completed.

Ultrasounds in IUI and IVF

Ultrasounds are commonly used throughout different periods in infertility treatments like IUI and IVF.

After Hormone Treatment

After initial hormone injections are given, ultrasound is used to monitor follicular growth and development. Your doctor will use a transvaginal ultrasound in order to count the number of follicles in your ovaries and to assess their size and health. This will help your doctor to decide when it is time to give you hCG in order to stimulate ovulation. Ultrasound is also used to monitor for hyperstimulation syndrome, a condition in which the ovaries become overstimulated by hormone therapy and swell to large sizes.

After Ovulation

After your follicles have been stimulated to ovulate, your doctor will perform another ultrasound. This ultrasound will be used in order to detect when your developed eggs will be released.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

[3] ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY

An endometrial biopsy is performed by inserting a catheter through the woman's cervix and into the uterus where the doctor will collect a sample of the uterine lining. The doctor will be testing to see if the uterine lining responds normally to progesterone, which is why endometrial biopsy and infertility go hand in hand. An endometrial biopsy can also be performed to test abnormal uterine bleeding, which can also be caused by a hormone imbalance.

[4] HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAM [HSG]: This determines if the fallopian tubes are open or blocked and whether a blockage is located at the junction of the tube and uterus (proximal) or whether it is at the other end of the fallopian tube (distal). These are the areas where the tube is most commonly blocked.

The uterine cavity is evaluated for the presence of congenital uterine anomalies, polyps, fibroid tumors or uterine scar tissue.

The fallopian tubes are also examined for defects within them, for suggestion of partial blockage, and for evidence of pelvic scar tissue in the abdominal cavity near the tubes.

[5] SCROTAL SCAN: Scrotal ultrasound can be helpful in determining whether azoospermia[low or nil sperm count] is non-obstructive or obstructive because it can directly detect abnormalities in the mediastinum testis, epididymis, and the proximal vas deferens. It can also show secondary changes due to obstructive abnormalities in the distal genital duct. Epididymal abnormalities associated with obstruction include tubular ectasia, enlarged hypoechoic foci (suggestive of inflammatory masses), and abrupt tapering from the head to body or mid- to distal portions of the epididymis. Cysts may also be identified within the mediastinum testis.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Regards

Dr. Victor Efughi

Consultant Clinical Specialist Sonographer

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX——-WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES,FOLLICULAR TRACKING SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:

+23418112054

+2348023069403

+2348033535729

EMAIL:

info@joasmedical.com

joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com

joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.

The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.

This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

What You Need to Know About Tubal Pregnancy

2010-05-29T08:07:00.000-07:00

What You Need to Know About Tubal Pregnancy

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Susan_Tanner]Susan Tanner
http://www.infertilitytreatments.co.cc/

What is a tubal pregnancy?

An ectopic pregnancy, commonly known as a tubal pregnancy, is a pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants itself somewhere other than the uterus. It is referred to as a tubal pregnancy because 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur when the fertilized egg is unable to travel all the way through the fallopian tube to the uterus, and therefore implants itself in the tube.

Of all ectopic pregnancies, 1.5% are abdominal, 0.5% are ovarian, and 0.03% are cervical. None of these places are suited for a growing baby. As the fetus grows, it can eventually burst the organ that contains it, causing severe internal bleeding, and endangering the mother's life. Unfortunately, a tubal pregnancy will never develop into a live birth.

Although there have been advances in surgical technology that have caused the death rate due to tubal pregnancy to drop since 1970, there is still a death rate of about 1 out of 2000, with about 40-50 women dying each year in the U.S.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

What causes tubal pregnancy?

There are many reasons why an egg may become lodged in the fallopian tube. It is most often caused by an infection or inflammation of the tube that partially or entirely blocks the passage. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most common of these infections.

Endometriosis, when cells from the lining of the uterus detach and grow elsewhere in the body, can cause blockages. Scar tissue from previous pelvic or fallopian surgery can also lead to tubal pregnancy. Less frequently, abnormal growths or birth defects can alter the shape of the tube and obstruct the egg's progress.

How will I know if I am having a tubal pregnancy?

It can be difficult to recognize symptoms of tubal pregnancy since many of the early signs mirror those of a normal pregnancy, such as missed periods, breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, or frequent urination.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Some of the symptoms more specific to tubal

pregnancy are:

* Pain in your lower belly

* Slight bleeding from vagina

* One-sided pain in your stomach

* Shoulder pain (which may be caused by internal bleeding irritating your diaphragm when you breathe)

* Bladder or bowel problems

* Feeling light-headed or faint, sometimes accompanied by paleness, increased pulse, diarrhea, and falling blood pressure (caused by blood loss)

* Abnormal bleeding (heavier or lighter than usual and prolonged, or dark and watery, almost like prune juice)

* Lower back pain

If you experience any of these symptoms you should go directly to the emergency room. If you arrive at the hospital complaining about abdominal pains, you will most likely be given a pregnancy test. Urine pregnancy tests are not necessarily the best pregnancy tests, but they are fast. Speed can be crucial in dealing with a tubal pregnancy.

If the pregnancy test comes back positive then your doctor will probably perform a quantitative hCG test to measure the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin in your body. hCG is a hormone produced by the placenta which shows up in the blood and urine as early as 10 days after conception. Its levels double every day for the first 10 weeks of pregnancy. Lower-than-expected hCG levels could indicate a tubal pregnancy.

You will be given a pelvic exam as well, to find the areas causing pain, check for an enlarged, pregnant uterus, or locate any masses in your abdomen. The doctors will probably also perform an ultrasound examination, which would show if the uterus contained a developing fetus or determine whether there are masses growing elsewhere in the abdomen. Unfortunately, the ultrasound may not be able to detect every tubal pregnancy.

There is also a more rarely used test for tubal pregnancy, called culdocentesis, which is used to check for internal bleeding. This test is performed by inserting a needle into the space at the very top of the vagina, behind the uterus and in front of the rectum. If there is blood or fluid found there, it most likely comes from a ruptured tubal pregnancy.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

What can be done about my tubal pregnancy?

Treatment for a tubal pregnancy will depend on its size and location, and on whether or not you would like the ability to conceive again.

If caught early enough, a tubal pregnancy may be able to be treated with an injection of methotrexate, which would dissolve the fertilized egg and allow it to be reabsorbed into the body. This non-surgical approach results in minimal scarring of the pelvic organs.

A tubal pregnancy that is further along will likely require surgery to be removed. In the past, this operation would have required a very large incision across the lower abdomen, which may still be necessary in cases of emergency or severe internal injury.

However, modern technology has bestowed upon us an alternative method of removal. In many cases, the vtubal pregnancy can be removed using laparoscopy, a much less invasive surgical procedure. The surgeon makes a small incision in the lower abdomen and inserts a laparoscope, a long, hollow tube with a lighted end. This allows the surgeon to see internal organs and insert other instruments as need. The tubal pregnancy is then removed, and the damaged organs are repaired or removed.

Regardless of which procedure is used, the doctor will want to continue seeing you regularly, to monitor your hCG levels, which should return to zero. This may take up to twelve weeks, but if the hCG levels do not decline, it could mean that some of the ectopic tissue was missed and may need to be removed using methotrexate or additional surgery.

How will this affect my future pregnancies?

About a third of women with a previous tubal pregnancy will have trouble conceiving again. This depends mainly on the total amount of damage and surgery that was done.

If the fallopian tubes remain intact, chances for a successful pregnancy in the future are about 60%. Even with only one fallopian tube, chances can be greater than 40%.

The risk of a repeat tubal pregnancy is increased with each subsequent tubal pregnancy. After your first one, you face about a 15% chance of having another.

Am I at risk of having a tubal pregnancy?

Those most at risk of having a tubal pregnancy are women between the ages of 35 and 45 who have had a PID, a previous tubal pregnancy, surgery on a fallopian tube, or infertility problems or medication to stimulate ovulation.

Some birth control methods may also increase your chances for a tubal pregnancy. If you become pregnant while using progesterone intrauterine devices (IUDs), progesterone-only oral contraceptives, or the morning after pill, you may be more likely to have a tubal pregnancy.

If you think that you may be at risk of tubal pregnancy, talk to your doctor about it before attempting to conceive. Although there is nothing that can be done to prevent tubal pregnancy, if monitored closely it can be detected early.

If you are pregnant and experience any of the symptoms of tubal pregnancy, contact your doctor immediately. Tubal pregnancy is just one of those things that you want to have checked out, even if you only have so much as a hunch. It can't hurt to be sure, and it may save your life.

Susan Tanner is a wife and mother of three. She is also the editor of pregnancy-guide.net. Pregnancy-Guide is an online community for mothers to find support and valuable information. Please visit Pregnancy-Guide for valuable [http://www.pregnancy-guide.net]pregnancy information.

Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?What-You-Need-to-Know-About-Tubal-Pregnancy&id=104990] What You Need to Know About Tubal Pregnancy
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX...................WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, FOLLICULAR TRACKING SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES. http://www.joasmedical.com/

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com
joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

10 THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR OVULATION AND FOLLICULAR TRACKING THAT CAN CHANGE YOUR MARRIAGE FOR GOOD

2010-05-12T09:59:00.000-07:00

10 THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR OVULATION AND FOLLICULAR TRACKING THAT CAN CHANGE YOUR MARRIAGE FOR GOOD
http://www.infertilitytreatments.co.cc/

Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from the ovary, pushed down the fallopian tube, and is available to be fertilized. The lining of the uterus has thickened to prepare for a fertilized egg. If no conception occurs, the uterine lining as well as blood will be shed. The shedding of an unfertilized egg and the uterine wall is the time of menstruation.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Key Facts of Ovulation:

[1] An egg lives 12-24 hours after leaving the ovary

[2] Normally only one egg is released each time of ovulation

[3] Ovulation can be affected by stress, illness or disruption of normal routines

[4] Some women may experience some light blood spotting during ovulation

[5] Implantation of a fertilized egg normally takes place 6-12 days after ovulation

[6] Each woman is born with millions of immature eggs that are awaiting ovulation to begin

[7] A menstrual period can occur even if ovulation has not occurred

[8] Ovulation can occur even if a menstrual period has not occurred

[9] Some women can feel a bit of pain or aching near the ovaries during ovulation called mittelschmerz, which means "middle pain" in German

[10] If an egg is not fertilized, it disintegrates and is absorbed into the uterine lining

A woman's monthly cycle is measured from the first day of her menstrual period until the first day of her next period. On average, a woman's cycle normally is between 28-32 days, but some women may have much shorter cycles or much longer ones. Ovulation can be calculated by starting with the day the last menstrual period (LMP) starts or by calculating 12-16 days from the next expected period. Most women ovulate anywhere between Day 11 - Day 21 of their cycle, counting from the first day of the LMP. This is what many refer to as the "fertile time" of a woman's cycle, because sexual intercourse during this time increases the chance of pregnancy. Ovulation can occur at various times during a cycle, and may occur on a different day each month. It is important to track your cycle; there are tools online to help you do this , such as TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND FOLLICULAR TRACKING [FOLLICULOMETRY]
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

FOLLICULAR TRACKING [FOLLICULOMETRY]
If you are a woman trying to conceive, one of your biggest challenges in fertility as you grow older is the suitability of your eggs. Egg production can be greatly affected by your age both in quality and in number. By the time you are in your late 30s or early 40s, you will probably have more poor quality eggs available than good quality eggs. The impact of poor quality eggs is reflected in the general decline of pregnancy rates as women age.

One of the first steps a woman should take when making the decision to conceive is to have Follicle (Follicular) Tracking carried out by a doctor or a qualified sonographer. This will help to identify two things; whether or not she is ovulating and, if she is, the scan will additionally pinpoint the exact time when the follicle ruptures and releases the egg. This information enables a couple to time intercourse in order to maximise their chances of conception.

What is Follicle Tracking?

Follicle Tracking involves a series of vaginal ultrasound scans, starting from day 9 to day 20 of your cycle. These scans allow you to observe the follicle(s) developing in your ovary. The scans are performed using a small plastic probe which is inserted in the vagina. The process is relatively painless.

The Process of Follicle Tracking

Initially, a base line scan is carried out to determine the overall health of the reproductive area and to check for any issues that may impede conception such as fibroids, polycystic ovarian syndrome or ovarian cysts.

During a normal cycle the egg develops within a follicle in the ovary. This follicle is a thin walled structure containing fluid along with the egg attached to its inner membrane. The follicle appears as a circular fluid-filled bubble on the screen and can be seen when it is about 7-8 mm in size. It grows at a rate of about 1-2 mm per day and is ready for ovulation when it measures within the correct range of 17-25 mm in diameter. During the tracking process, the number of developing follicles and their size are measured and charted as well as ovulation being noted if and when it occurs.

In conjunction with assessment of the follicles, the development of the lining of the womb is also recorded during Follicle Tracking. In order for a pregnancy to occur, the uterine lining must be receptive to a fertilised egg in order for the embryo to implant successfully. The Follicle Tracking process measures the appearance, development and thickness of the lining of the womb as the cycle progresses.

How do I know Ovulation has occurred?

Following ovulation, the follicle usually disappears from the scan picture completely or the walls of the follicle become irregular and collapsed. This is the best evidence that ovulation has occurred. Fluid can often be simultaneously detected in the abdomen behind the uterus. This is the follicular fluid that is released when the follicle ruptures.

What else can Follicle Tracking detect?

As well as general issues that may impede pregnancy, which will be identified during the base line scan, there are other problems that Follicle Tracking can detect, including:

1. Follicles which do not grow to the correct size before rupturing

2. Follicles which do not grow at all

3. Follicles which do not rupture at the appropriate time

4. The lining of the womb may not have thickened sufficiently to enable implantation of a fertilised egg.

Each of these aspects can be identified using Follicle Tracking, which gives you a much clearer view of what is happening, when it is happening and what, if anything, is going wrong.

How many scans per cycle will I need?

Usually in each cycle there will be between 4 and 6 scans, but this depends on the cycle. You can ovulate any time from day 6 to day 26 of your cycle and the base line scan will help to determine the initial size of the dominant follicle. Following a consultation between you, the sonographer and Karen, the timing of the next scan will be ascertained. As the cycle progresses, a very clear picture will develop of how the follicle is growing and if the lining of the womb is developing in conjunction with the follicle.

How long does the scan take?

Follicle Tracking takes between 5 and 10 minutes to perform. You will receive a written report .

Who should have Follicle Tracking?

There are four main reasons to choose Follicle Tracking:

1. If you don’t know when you are ovulating – ovulation can occur from day 6 to day 26 and while ovulation predictor sticks can work accurately for some women, they can also be up to 5 days out.

2. If you are not sure you are ovulating at all – this can be very hard to detect without scanning as periods may seem normal.

3. If you have had several early miscarriages – Follicle Tracking will be able to assess the womb lining, ensuring it is in the appropriate state to enable implantation to occur.

4. If you are on Clomid – this drug is used to induce ovulation, to correct irregular ovulation, to increase egg production and to correct a condition known as luteal phase deficiency, where the lining of the womb does not sustain the pregnancy. Many doctors recommend that women on Clomid are monitored to ensure the ovaries and the lining are both responding normally.

Culled from......... http://www.karencostin.ie/follicletracking.htm

http://www.americanpregnancy.org/gettingpregnant/understandingovulation.html
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX...................WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, FOLLICULAR TRACKING SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES. http://www.joasmedical.com/

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054

+2348023069403

+2348033535729

EMAIL:

info@joasmedical.com
joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.

The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.

This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

7 THINGS TO DO IN CASE OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION, AND HOW IT CAN BE CURED

2010-04-30T00:56:00.000-07:00

7 THINGS TO DO IN CASE OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION, AND HOW IT CAN BE CURED
http://www.infertilitytreatments.co.cc/

How could having difficulty getting or maintaining erections be a blessing? It is not because Erectile Dysfunction (ED) allows men to develop their emotional sides or think about sex less. It is because ED can be a warning sign of more serious and even life threatening problems on the horizon --problems that could be averted if the warning signs are heeded.

Several studies have shown that men with ED have a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease - heart attacks and strokes. In fact, many of the causes of ED are also risk factors for atherosclerosis; the condition in which fatty plaque builds up in blood vessels, causing restricted blood flow.

For a man to achieve and maintain an erection, several things must happen. He must be sexually stimulated. Whatever the trigger of stimulation, a message is sent by the nervous system to the blood vessels of the penis to let more blood into the tissues of the penis and less blood out. For this to happen, the vessel that fills up the penile tissues (the penile artery) must respond to the nerve stimulation, dilate and have good flow with minimal blockages. Chemicals also get triggered in the penis that prevent the blood from easily flowing out, so that the tissues can stay filled with blood and engorge.

In ED, the problem may be anywhere in this chain of events. Sometimes the stimulation is the difficult part due to depression, stress or even low testosterone causing a lack of libido. Sometimes the nerves are not functioning normally, as in poorly controlled diabetes, after trauma or surgery or because of some medications. But many times all this functions normally, and a man can feel desire and a sense of stimulation, however the erection just doesn't arise because the blood flow is restricted.

Causes of ED

• Depression / low libido

• Stress

• Performance Anxiety

• Medications

• Trauma

• Neurologic (stroke, back injury, post prostate surgery)

• Low Testosterone

• VASCULAR

This last category, vascular, is one of the most common causes of ED. The penile artery, like arteries around the heart and leading to the brain, can become blocked with plaque from atherosclerosis. If this happens in an artery leading to the heart, the result is a heart attack. If this happens in an artery leading to the brain, the result is a TIA or stroke. When atherosclerosis affects the penile artery, erections don't happen.

The key point here is that the same things that cause blockages in the arteries to the heart and brain cause blockages in the penile artery. But, because the penile artery is smaller than these other arteries, the first symptoms of such blockages may be felt in the penis. So, the earliest sign of this process of atherosclerosis may be ED. This doesn't mean that only the penile artery is affected, it means that is the first place the disease of atherosclerosis may be presenting itself.

Most men with ED keep it to themselves. They may feel embarrassed or frustrated or angry, but they most likely will either convince themselves it is temporary (as their partner will certainly reassure them it is) or go online and order some Viagra. And Viagra (or Cialis or Levitra) will help for a while. These drugs may help to open the arteries a little, but their main function is in a different part of the vascular process that allows for erection (the corpus cavernosa). As long as the blockage to blood flow in the artery is only partial, these drugs will help. But, if atherosclerosis is not addressed, it will progress and eventually block so much flow that even these drugs won't help to achieve or maintain erections.

Here is where the blessing comes in. That man experiencing ED is getting a wake-up call, because the same disease of atherosclerosis that may be causing the ED would also be present in the rest of the body. So, symptoms of erectile dysfunction can be an important warning sign for the man suffering from ED to see his health care provider not only for a prescription for Viagra, but for a full assessment of his cardiovascular health.

What to do if you have Erectile Dysfunction

1 - See your doctor

ED may be a sign of a larger disease of atherosclerosis. Your doctor should test you for things that can be contributing factors such as those listed here.

2 - Have your blood sugar checked

High blood sugar, or Diabetes, is a large risk factor for atherosclerosis and also damages the nerves, causing a double whammy effect on erections. If your blood sugar is high, it can be treated with diet, oral medications or insulin.

3 - Have your blood pressure checked

High blood pressure is often asymptomatic, but still causes damage to blood vessels making them more likely to be clogged with plaque.

4 - Find out if you are overweight

Being overweight is a common risk for atherosclerosis. Even without such hardening of the arteries, studies have shown that losing weight directly improves erectile function.

5 - Have your cholesterol checked

High cholesterol is a key risk factor for building up fatty plaque in the arteries, including the penile artery. Your total cholesterol as well as LDL, HDL and Triglycerides should all be checked if you have ED. If your LDL or Triglycerides are high or your HDL is low, treating these with diet, exercise, supplements and/or medications could reverse some of the plaque build up and improve symptoms of ED.

6 - Have your Testosterone checked

Low Testosterone is another cause of ED, separate from the atherosclerosis cause discussed here. But low T can and should be treated , thereby improving ED.

7 - Ask your doctor about other tests for cardiovascular health

Doppler ultrasounds of the carotid arteries, CRP and homocysteine levels are all important (albeit controversial) measures of cardiovascular disease risk. I would argue that if you have ED that is not caused by neurologic problems or low Testosterone, you are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and warrant having these tests done.

Now we come to the preventive side of things. If many men with ED have the problem because of atherosclerosis, then many men can avoid ED by preventing atherosclerosis from developing. One study following 570 men for 25 years found that those who smoked, had high cholesterol or were overweight were more likely to develop erectile dysfunction over time. So, in addition to regular sex being a good way to prevent the development of ED, paying attention to risks for cardiovascular disease also can lower your chance of developing erection problems.

Men without ED should know that, if they want to maintain their ability to have strong erections, they should live the same healthy lifestyle that helps to avoid cardiovascular disease in general - avoiding smoking, exercising regularly, watching cholesterol and fat intake and keeping blood pressure in the normal range. This will keep blood flowing everywhere it is needed.

Culled from......... http://www.huffingtonpost.com/myles-spar-md/erectile-dysfunction-a-bl_b_551382.html

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX...................WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES. http://www.joasmedical.com/
We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:

+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com
joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

13 CAUSES OF MALE AND FEMALE INFERTILITY, INCLUDING TREATMENT OPTIONS

2010-04-29T19:25:00.000-07:00

13 CAUSES OF MALE AND FEMALE INFERTILITY, INCLUDING TREATMENT OPTIONS
http://www.infertilitytreatments.co.cc/

Married couples are driven by the desire to have a baby.While some are successful soon after marriage, it takes a few years in others' cases.Such couples feel depressed and try all sorts of home remedies to become pregnant.Almost always, the method followed by them is strikingly similar.

First, they go for self-medication, seek advice from friends regarding exercises and copulation techniques, and try the so-called sex-stimulating herbal medicines.They even visit soothsayers and quacks in the hope of having a child.Finally, when everything fails, they reconcile to their fate, withdraw into thier shells and live as total strangers under the same roof.

Infertility is not a problem that starts only after mariage.Its causes are varied and it is important to realise that good health is the result of several years of healthy eating and healthy living.Some factors are in the hands of the individual, others need more complex understanding and evaluation.With newer research more understanding is developing into the causes of infertility.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

Causes Of Infertility In Men:

1.Any current medical illness.

2.Medical history (mumps, sexually transmitted diseases).

3.Surgical history (operations on testes, inguinal hernia repair).

4.Occupation (exposure to excessive heat, toxins).

5.Drugs (chemotherapy).

6.Smoking, alcohol indigestion.

7.Erectile or ejaculatory difficulties.

Causes Of Infertility In Women:

Age is an important factor in female sub-fertility.Increasing age reduces fertility in women and also the likelihood of successful treatment.Even in a younger woman, a depleted ovarian reserve will reduce natural fertility.

1.Gynaecological conditions-ovulation failure-oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea, tubal damage, cervical mucous defects, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, etc.

2.Coital infrequency and poor timing.

3.Menstrual irregularities.

4.Pelvic infection(current or past).

5.Current medical illness like Tuberculosis.

6.Smoking, alcohol indigestion.
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

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It is important to consider natural outcomes in pregnancy.Within a year of marriage if the couple are having regular intercourse, 90% of the women should become pregnant.This figure rises to 95% after a 2 year period.No fertility treatment should be started during this period, as the delay in pregnancy is by chance, since these couples have low normal fertility thaninfertility.Thus 5-10% of couples will seek medical advice for delay in achieving pregnancy.

These couples, without further delay, should be investigated and referred to a specialist early.It is vital that investigations are planned bearing in mind that 15% of couples have multiple causes of infertility.It is wiser to do complete investigation in the beginning than to start treatment on the first abnormal result.

If a woman is over 35 years,there is a substantial fall in the chance of success with fertility treatment.A woman of 35 years with an older partner would have a 20% chance of conceiving in any month.Compare this to a woman in 19-26 years of age who has a 50% chance of conceiving.

Indications For An Early Referral To A Specialist Infertility Clinic:

1.Duration of infertility more than 3 years.

2.Woman's age more than 38 years.

3.FSH more than 10 IU/I in early menstrual phase.

4.Low and abnormal sperm count according to World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for sperm examination.

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Some Solutions:

A. Intrauterine Insemination:

Intrauterine Insemination(IUI) may be used to overcome potential problems like thickening of female cervical mucus, premature ejaculation, impotence or anatomical abnormalities.This enables the sperm to be inserted directly into the cervix via the vagina.IUI is only suitable for women with healthy Fallopian Tubes.It involves placing a specially prepared sample of sperm into the uterus at the optimum time in the cycle.To increase the chances of pregnancy, the female partner is given fertility drugs.The treatment is monitored by regular Ultrasound scan's to prevent multiple pregnancies.

B.In Vitro Fertilisation:

There are times when it is difficult for the sperm and egg to meet in the fallopian tube and the normal processes of fertilisation cannot take place in the body.In vitro fertilisation(IVF)offers an opportunity to avoid such problems by allowing fertilisation to occur outside the body in a glass dish(culture dish).Upto 3 of any resultant embryos can be replaced in the womb.Appropriate IVF can be done with donated eggs, sperm or embryos.

C.Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection:

Patients who are unlikely to achieve fertilisation with conventional IVF can be treated with micro-manipulation of the egg and sperm.The technique used is called intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).ICSI involves injecting a single sperm into the egg, using a very fine needleICSI may be appropriate where the male partner has very few sperm or where the sperm have poor or no motility.

With the progress in medical science, a wide number of treatment options are available, with huge success rates.Thus it is advisable that couples visit specialist infertility clinics at the earliest

Culled from.... www.101lifestyle.com/health/infertility/infertility.html
[FOR FURTHER READING GO TO... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb ]

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX...................WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES. http://www.joasmedical.com/

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com
joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

What is Artificial Insemination?

2010-04-12T13:58:00.000-07:00

What is Artificial Insemination?
http://www.infertilitytreatments.co.cc/

All About intravaginal, intracervical, and intratubal Insemination

Most simply, insemination means the placement of sperm in a woman’s reproductive tract, with the aim to cause pregnancy. Insemination needs to take place during the woman’s most fertile time, about 24 to 48 hours before ovulation is expected.

Usually, when people talk about artificial insemination, they are referring to IUI, or intrauterine insemination. IUI is a fertility treatment that involves taking specially washed semen, and transferring the semen into the woman’s uterus using a special syringe.

All About IUI Treatment

While IUI is the most common, and most successful, form of artificial insemination, there are other methods of transferring sperm to a woman’s reproductive system.

Intravaginal Insemination (IVI)

Intravaginal insemination (IVI) is the simplest kind of insemination, and involves the placement of sperm into the woman’s vagina. Ideally, the sperm should be placed as close to the cervix as possible. This method of insemination may be used when using donor sperm, and when there are no problems with the woman’s fertility.

Because success rates are lower than IUI, this form of insemination isn’t common, but is more common with “home insemination” treatments. (Home insemination may be used by lesbian couples, wanting to get pregnant using purchased donor sperm or sperm provided by a friend.)

Intracervical Insemination (ICI)

With intracervical insemination (ICI), the sperm is placed directly inside the cervix, using a needless syringe. The sperm does not need to be washed, as with IUI, because the semen is not being directly placed inside the uterus. However, it may be pre-washed to increase the chances of success.

Intracervical insemination is more common than IVI, but less common than IUI. It may be used if a couple wants to save money on the treatment procedure, as ICI is less expensive than IUI, especially if the semen is not pre-washed. However, success rates for ICI are low.

Intratubal Insemination (ITI)

Intratubal insemination involves the placement of pre-washed sperm directly into the woman’s fallopian tube. The sperm may be transferred to the tubes through a special catheter that goes through the cervix, up through the uterus, and into the fallopian tubes. The other method of intratubal insemination involves laparoscopic surgery.

Unfortunately, intratubal insemination has been associated with greater risk for infection and trauma, and there’s a debate on whether it’s more effective than regular IUI. Because of its invasive nature, higher expense, and uncertain success rate, it’s rarely performed and is the least common form of artificial insemination.

What is IUI?

IUI, or intrauterine insemination, is a relatively simple infertility treatment, where a small tube is used to place specially washed sperm directly into the uterus. You may know of IUI by the more commonly used term artificial insemination (AI). IUI and AI are one and the same fertility treatment.

When considering fertility treatments above and beyond fertility drug use, IUI may be the first tried. It’s easier to do than assisted reproductive technologies, like IVF, and costs much less. According to a survey done by RESOLVE, the average IUI fertility treatment costs $895 (compared to $8,000 to $15,000 for IVF).

When is IUI used?

IUI may be used in some cases of male factor infertility, like low sperm counts or if a sperm donor is being used. IUI may also be used if the woman’s cervical mucus is less than ideal. Also, in cases of unexplained infertility, IUI may be tried if Clomid (clomiphene citrate) alone doesn’t help.

IUI may also be used if a couple would like to avoid the higher cost of IVF treatment. Even though IUI is less effective per cycle than IVF, a couple may be able to afford more attempts with IUI.

How does IUI work?

As mentioned above, IUI is pretty simple. While fertility drugs are not always used during IUI, most doctors choose to use an ovulation drug like Clomid to increase the chances of success.

Whether or not you’re using fertility drugs, you’ll probably be asked to use an ovulation predictor kit at home during the cycle that treatment is planned for. Once you detect the LH surge (the hormone that is highest right before ovulation and detected by ovulation kits), you’ll need to call your doctor.

Assuming you’re not using a sperm donor, your partner will be given instructions for sperm collection (sometimes it’s done in the office; sometimes it can be done at home.) The doctor will then “wash” the collected sperm, and then, using a thin tube, the doctor will place the sperm directly into your uterus via the cervix.

Treatment is typically painless, with maybe a little cramping. It is performed in the doctor’s office, and the procedure can be done by a nurse or a doctor.

How successful is IUI?

In a review of studies on IUI and unexplained infertility, just 4% of women got pregnant per cycle without fertility drugs, and 8% to 17% got pregnant when fertility drugs and IUI were combined.

Though IVF success rates per cycle are much higher, IUI is significantly less expensive, and a much easier procedure. If IVF is out of your price range, multiple IUI cycles might be the better choice, depending on the cause of infertility. Speak to your doctor to understand all your options and risks.

Sources: By Rachel Gurevich, About.com Guide
Cantineau AE, Heineman MJ, Al-Inany H, Cohlen BJ. “Intrauterine insemination versus Fallopian tube sperm perfusion in non-tubal subfertility: a systematic review based on a Cochrane review.” Human Reproduction. 2004 Dec;19(12):2721-9.

Forges T, Monnier-Barbarino P. “[Is there a future for Fallopian tube insemination in women?]” Gynecologie, Obstetrique, & Fertilte. 2004 Oct;32(10):904-10.

Keck C, Gerber-Schäfer C, Wilhelm C, Vogelgesang D, Breckwoldt M. “Intrauterine insemination for treatment of male infertility.” International Journal of Andrology. 1997;20 Suppl 3:55-64.

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX...................WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES. http://www.joasmedical.com/

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:

+23418112054

+2348023069403

+2348033535729

EMAIL:

info@joasmedical.com

joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com

joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.

The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.

This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

17 WAYS YOUR CHANCES OF CONCEIVING CAN BE REDUCED AND HOW YOU CAN OVERCOME THEM

2010-03-07T08:30:00.000-08:00

17 WAYS YOUR CHANCES OF CONCEIVING CAN BE REDUCED AND HOW YOU CAN OVERCOME THEM
http://www.infertilitytreatments.co.cc/

Trying to conceive can be one of the most frustrating times in a couple’s life. There’s nothing as difficult as constantly watching, waiting and hoping that you’re pregnant, only to be disappointed when your monthly cycle rolls around. But are you aware that you could be sabotaging your attempts to get pregnant without even knowing it? Check out the following conception-blockers to find out how you can improve your chances of becoming pregnant.

[1]Alcohol, Nicotine, Marijuana and Other Drugs – Okay, seriously, you already know this one. Nicotine and many other recreational and over-the-counter drugs can significantly decrease your fertility, while alcohol affects the hormone levels that control menstruation and ovulation. If you can go cold turkey on these addictions, that’s great – otherwise, seek professional help from a therapist or group to help wean yourself off them slowly.

[2]Tight Trousers – Yes, it’s true. Ladies, if your man is constantly wearing tight pants or tight underwear, the excess heat generated could lead to reduced sperm count or decreased sperm viability. If you’re having trouble conceiving, your partner’s tight pants could very well be to blame. Invest in some looser-fitting pants and encourage your man to get a healthy breeze going down there.

[3]Over-Exercising – While some exercise is important for maintaining optimal health and improving your chances of conceiving, too much can wreak havoc on your body’s reproductive system. You’ve probably heard of professional athletes whose body fat percentage is so low that they’re no longer able to maintain a regular menstrual cycle. Even if you’re not to that extreme, you may still experience some experience some fluctuations in your reproductive hormones if you push yourself too hard.

[4]Your Weight – Unfortunately, weight extremes affect your inability to get pregnant, whether you’re significantly over- or under-weight. Carrying excess body weight affects your reproductive hormones, making it more difficult to conceive. On the other hand, dieting to extreme will also wreak havoc on your body. Women need to have at least 22% body fat for normal menstruation and fertility – if you have less body fat than that, your chances of conceiving go down for each percentage of body fat lost.

[5]Douching – No matter what your mother may have told you, douching is an absolute no-go if you’re trying to conceive. Although it might make you feel fresher, douching changes the natural pH balance of your vagina into a more acidic environment, making it a more hostile environment for both your egg and your partner’s sperm.

[6]Medications – Of course, if you’ve been on oral contraceptives for years, it may take some time to get them out of your system before you’re able to conceive. However, you may not be aware that some prescription medications also have an adverse impact on your reproductive system. If you’ve been trying to get pregnant for some time and feel like you’re doing everything else right, talk to your doctor about the prescription medications you’re taking. Your doctor may be able to recommend an alternative treatment or medication that isn’t known to affect fertility.

[7]Know thy cycle -The more you know about your menstrual cycle, the easier it will be for you to pinpoint your most fertile days. You may find it useful to start keeping a menstrual calendar, noting the day on which your period starts, the day when it ends, any pre-ovulatory symptoms you notice, and so on; and to learn how to monitor your three key fertility signals: the quantity and quality of your cervical mucus (you're most fertile when your mucus is abundant and egg white in texture), the position and feel of your cervix (it's located high in the vagina and is soft and fleshy during your most fertile days) and fluctuations in your basal body temperature (your temperature will jump once ovulation has occurred).

[8]Make love on the right days -This may sound like a no-brainer, but mistimed babymaking can wreak havoc on your plans to conceive. You're at your most fertile during the five days leading up to and the 12 hours following ovulation. If you miss this window of opportunity, it's game over for another month.

[9]Have unbelievably great sex -This is one part of the babymaking prescription you won't mind filling! While it may sound too good to be true, there seems to be some hard science to back up this bit of advice. Researchers have found that a suction effect is created when the female partner achieves orgasm, something that causes the cervix to draw sperm into the vagina more efficiently. Since this can help to transport sperm from the highly acidic vaginal environment as quickly as possible, it may help to ensure the survival of the maximum number of sperm.

[10]Don't get too much of a good thing -Not only can attempting to make love each day during your most fertile period be physically and mentally draining: it doesn't do much to increase your odds of conceiving. And if your partner has a marginal sperm count, your doctor is likely to recommend an "every other day" babymaking regime anyway.

[11]Create a sperm-friendly vaginal environment -Avoid vaginal sprays, scented tampons and artificial lubricants, all of which may interfere with your babymaking plans.

[12]Don't hop out of bed right away- While it's not necessary to elevate your bottom with pillows or go to other extreme measures to give the sperm a head start, it's a good idea to remain in a horizontal position for at least five minutes after you've finished making love. After all, gravity is a pretty formidable adversary for sperm.

Remember that conception is a number's game. You can do everything "right," but still not manage to conceive the first time around. Studies have shown that it takes normal, fertile couples an average of six months to conceive, and most doctors consider anything up to one year to be well within the range of normal.

[13]Understand fertility- A woman is born with all the eggs she will ever have in her lifetime and must be ovulating in order to conceive. A man has the ability to regenerate sperm and normally has the ability to fertilize an egg at any time.

[14]Remain health conscious- A bad diet, being overweight, underweight, smoking and drinking can all contribute to fertility issues. Maintain an exercise program to keep your body balanced and in good health.

[15]Maintain a balanced diet- Choose fruits, vegetables and lean meats. Increase your daily folate intake through red meats, spinach and orange juice or add a pre-natal vitamin to your daily routine. Keep your caffeine intake, such as tea, coffee, cola and chocolate under control.

[16]Know your cycle- Most women are on a 28-day cycle, some may be longer and others may be shorter. On a 28-day cycle, ovulation should occur around the 14th day before the start of menstruation.

[17]Check your cervical mucous- Observe changes in cervical mucous as it is one of the best clues of ovulation. Lack of cervical mucous is an indication that conception is not likely. Once you are close to ovulation it becomes thicker and increases in volume. When you are most fertile, the mucous should resemble egg white and be thin and stretchy.

If you’ve been trying to get pregnant for more than six months and haven’t yet conceived, it may be time to talk to your doctor . He or she will be able to conduct fertility tests to determine whether or not you’ll be able to conceive and what alternative options you have to a natural conception.

Culled from…..www.pregnancyhut.com/how-to-improve-your-chances-of-conceiving/
www.pregnancyandbaby.sheknows.com/pregnancy/baby/How-to-increase-your-odds-of-conceiving-quickly-68.htm

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc.
For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX——-WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at
JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com

joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

WHAT ARE YOUR CHANCES OF GETTING PREGNANT AFTER 35 OR 40?

2010-03-01T22:01:00.000-08:00

WHAT ARE YOUR CHANCES OF GETTING PREGNANT AFTER 35 OR 40?

By Rachel Gurevich

Getting pregnant after 40 is possible without fertility treatment, but your chances of having trouble conceiving are higher.
Of woman ages 40 to 44, 29% will experience infertility. You can compare this to woman in their early 20s, of which 7% experience infertility, or women in their early 30s, who experience infertility 15% of the time.
Your chances of conceiving in any given month are also lower once you pass the big 4-0. While a 30 year old has about a 20% chance of getting pregnant each month, a 40 year old only has a 5% chance per month. This means that even for those that will get pregnant, it may take longer.

Another factor working against women in their 40s who want to get pregnant is the higher rate of miscarriage. About 34% of pregnancies end in miscarriage for women ages 40 to 44, and 53% of pregnancies end in miscarriage for women after age 45.

Of course, you could try to look at this from the other side – even though 34% of pregnancies end in miscarriage for women in their early 40s, the majority of pregnancies do not.

While it’s best not to put off trying to get pregnant until you are 40s, if you’re already there and wondering if it’s still possible for you, you should know it may still be.

Getting pregnant after 35 may be more difficult than at age 25, but it’s not necessarily impossible. What are your chances for getting pregnant after age 35? Why is it more difficult than in your 20s and early 30s, and why do doctors recommend seeking help getting pregnant sooner than later if you’re past age 35?

Fertility and Age

If you follow the news, you've no doubt seen the myriad of features focusing on women waiting until after age 35 to have children and having trouble getting pregnant. But not everyone has trouble getting pregnant after age 35. You may know of families who got pregnant quickly in their late 30s, or even early 40s. However, statistically speaking, your chances of getting pregnant after age 35 are lower.

Fertility peaks in most women in the 20s, and gradually begins to decline in the late 20s. At around age 35, fertility starts to decline at a much more rapid pace. For example, in any given month, your chances of getting pregnant at age 30 are about 20%. At age 40, your chance of getting pregnant in any given month is just 5%.

Why Fertility Declines

Women are born with all the eggs they will ever have. While we are born with over a million eggs, by puberty just 300,000 are left. From this huge number of eggs, only 300 will ever become mature and be released in the process known as ovulation.

Way before menopause begins, our bodies' reproductive capabilities slow down, becoming less effective at producing mature, healthy eggs. As you age and come closer to menopause, your ovaries respond less well to the hormones that are responsible for helping the eggs ovulate.

This natural decline of fertility happens in the healthiest of women, though bad health habits, like smoking, have been shown to speed up the decline of fertility.

Increased Risk of Birth Defects and Miscarriage

Besides the ovaries being less likely to produce mature eggs for ovulation, age also increases the chances of genetic problems.

This is the reason for the increased risk of Down Syndrome babies in women over age 35. At age 25, 1 in 1,250 women will give birth to a child with Down Syndrome. At age 30, it’s a 1 in 952 risk, and by age 35, the chance is 1 in 378.

The risk for miscarriage also rises with age. About 10% of pregnancies end in miscarriage for women in their early 20s. By the early 30s, 12% of women experience miscarriages. After age 35, 18% of pregnancies will end in miscarriage. And in the early 40s, 34% of pregnancies end in miscarriage.

Fertility Treatment Success Rates After Age 35

Some couples may think that fertility treatment like IVF can help beat the decline of fertility that comes with age. However, this isn’t accurate.

According to statistics collected by the Center for Disease Control, the percentage of live births from IVF procedures using the mother’s eggs decreases with age. At age 31, the percentage of live births after IVF treatment was about 38%. By age 39, the percentage of live births was lower, around 22%. After age 43, the percentage of live births drops to less than 10%.

One way around this is by using an egg donor. Even though IVF success was less than 10% at age 40 using the mother’s own eggs, women who used an egg donor (from a much younger woman) at age 40 had a success rate of about 45%. That’s an even better rate than women using their own eggs in their early 30s.

Bottom Line on Fertility After Age 35

Whether we like it or not, fertility in women begins to slowly decline in the late 20s, beginning a more rapid decline around age 35. Besides the decreased chance of getting pregnant, women after age 35 have an increased risk of miscarriage. Fertility treatment success also decreases with age, specifically if the couple uses the woman’s eggs (as opposed to donor eggs).

Despite these grim statistics, not everyone will have trouble getting pregnant after 35. However, if you are having trouble, and you’re older than 35, you shouldn't try on your own for longer than six months. The sooner you get help, the better your chances of treatment success.

Seeking Help in Your 40s

Because infertility is more likely after 40, and because with every year that passes your chances are lower, it’s important you seek help as soon as possible if you experience trouble conceiving. If after six months you’re still not pregnant, it’s time for an evaluation.

Also, if you have any symptoms or risk factors for infertility, then you should speak to your doctor before you even start trying.

Fertility Treatments Less Successful After 40

Another reason to see a doctor as soon as possible is that fertility treatments are less effective for women over 40. For example, IUI treatment success rates are as low as 5% for women in their 40s.

IVF treatment has slight better success rates – 15% per cycle – but that’s still not as good as it is for younger women. This rate quickly falls as the years go by as well. For women age 43, the percentage of live births per IVF cycle is just 6.2% according to the most recent statistics, and only a little more than 1% after age 44.

For some women, egg donation will give them the best chances for success after 40. Success rates for IVF with egg donation has 40 to 45% success rate per treatment cycle, regardless of age.

Culled from........ http://infertility.about.com/od/tryingtoconceive101/f/getting_pregnant_forty.htm

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX……………….WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:

+23418112054

+2348023069403

+2348033535729

EMAIL:

info@joasmedical.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.

The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.

This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

17 CAUSES OF UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY, HOW IT AFFECT YOU AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

2010-02-27T10:36:00.000-08:00

17 CAUSES OF UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY, HOW IT AFFECT YOU AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

Definition of unexplained infertility

Infertility cases in which the standard infertility testing has not found a cause for the failure to conceive. Unexplained infertility is also referred to as idiopathic infertility. Another way to explain it is the "doctors can't figure it out" group.

What is standard infertility testing?

The definition of what "standard testing" consists of is not agreed upon by all experts. Medical studies have reported that 0-26% of infertile couples have unexplained infertility. The most commonly reported figures are between 10-20% of infertile couples. However, those percentages are from studies in which all the women had laparoscopy surgery to investigate the pelvic cavity for pelvic scarring and endometriosis. Laparoscopy surgery is no longer done as part of the routine fertility workup. Therefore, we are not finding all of the causes of infertility that we used to - leaving more couples in the unexplained category.

•The current rate of unexplained infertility is probably about 50% for couples with a female partner under age 35 and about 80% by age 40 (see discussion below about female age issues).

•In reality, there are probably hundreds of "causes" of infertility. What this means is that there are a lot of things that have to happen perfectly in order to conceive and have a baby.

As an overly simplified example of the science involved:

•The hormones that stimulate egg development must be made in the brain and pituitary and be released properly

•The egg must be of sufficient quality and be chromosomally normal

•The egg must develop to maturity

•The brain must release a sufficient surge of the LH hormone to stimulate final maturation of the egg

•The follicle (eggs develop in structures called follicles in the ovaries) must rupture and release the follicular fluid and the egg

•The tube must "pick up" the egg

•The sperm must survive their brief visit in the vagina, enter the cervical mucous, swim to the fallopian tube and "find" the egg

•The sperm must be able to get through the cumulus cells around the egg and bind the shell (zona pellucida) of the egg

•The sperm must undergo a biochemical reaction and release their DNA package (23 chromosomes) into the egg

•The fertilized egg must be able to divide

•The early embryo must continue to divide and develop normally

•After 3 days, the tube should have transported the embryo down into the uterus

•The embryo must continue to develop and expand into a blastocyst

•The blastocyst must hatch out of its shell

•The endometrial lining of the uterus must be properly developed and receptive

•The hatched blastocyst must attach to the endometrial lining and "implant"

•Many more miracles in early embryonic and fetal development must then follow...

A weak link anywhere in this chain will cause failure to conceive

The above list is very oversimplified, but the point is made. There are literally hundreds of molecular and biochemical events that have to happen perfectly in order to have a pregnancy develop. The standard tests for infertility barely scratch the surface and are really only looking for obvious factors, such as blocked tubes, abnormal sperm counts, ovulation problems, etc. These tests do not address the molecular issues at all. That is still for the future.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Unexplained infertility and female age

The likelihood of a diagnosis of unexplained infertility is increased substantially in women 35 and over - and greatly increased in women over 38. The reason for this is that there are more likely to be egg quantity and quality problems as women age. Since we do not have a "standard category" called egg factor infertility, these couples sometimes get lumped in to the "unexplained" infertility category. Most women over 40 who try to get pregnant will have difficulty, and fertility over age 44 is rare - even in women who are ovulating regularly every month. The point is that the older the female partner, the more likely that there is an egg related issue causing the fertility problem. Unfortunately, there is currently no specific test for "egg quality".

Mild endometriosis

Some experts would also consider infertility associated with mild endometriosis to be in the "unexplained" category. This is because a cause and effect relationship has not been definitely established between mild endometriosis and fertility problems.

Chance for getting pregnant on own - without fertility treatment - for couples with unexplained infertility

The duration of infertility is important. The longer the infertility, the less likely the couple is to conceive on their own. After 5 years of infertility, a couple with unexplained infertility has less than a 10% chance for success on their own.

One study showed that for couples with unexplained infertility and over 3 years of trying on their own, the cumulative pregnancy rate after 24 months of attempting conception without any treatment was 28%. This number was found to be reduced by 10% for each year that the female is over 31.

(Reference: Collins, JA and Rowe, TC. Fertility and Sterility 1989;52:15-20.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Treatment options for unexplained infertility

Ovarian stimulation and/or intrauterine insemination, IUI

Intrauterine insemination vs. timed intercourse (sometimes called sex, or BD, baby dance) - no medications involved

This has been studied and there is an increased chance for pregnancy with IUI for unexplained infertility as compared to timed intercourse. However, intercourse should be more fun than IUI - and should be cheaper too.

Clomid and timed intercourse for unexplained infertility

3-6 months of treatment with Clomid pills (clomiphene citrate) might improve fertility by as much as 2 times as compared to no treatment. This is a very low level infertility treatment. Infertility specialists do not usually recommend Clomid treatment( without insemination) for unexplained infertility for women over the age of about 35. Most fertility specialists do not use it (without IUI) on any couples with unexplained infertility. If a woman is already having regular periods and ovulating one egg every month, giving Clomid, which will probably stimulate the ovaries to release 2 or 3 eggs per month (instead of one) is not really fixing anything that is broken - and is not likely to be successful.

Clomid plus insemination, IUI for unexplained infertility

Treatment with Clomid tablets plus IUI improves fertility rates. For unexplained infertility, studies have shown that for women under 35, monthly success rates for Clomid plus insemination are about 10% per cycle. This pregnancy rate holds up for about 3 tries and the success rate is considerably lower after that. More about success rates with IUIs is on the insemination page and on the Clomid for unexplained infertility page. The insemination component boosts fertility more than the Clomid does - but success rates are higher when both are used together.

Letrozole or Femara is another oral medication that is sometimes used to stimulate development of multiple follicles during infertility treatment

Injectable gonadotropins (shots of FSH hormone) plus intrauterine insemination, IUI

Several studies showed improved pregnancy success rates with injectable FSH plus IUI treatment as compared to no treatment.

Injectable gonadotropins plus intercourse

This is less extensively studied. It is not yet known whether the ovarian stimulation and the insemination have independent beneficial effects or whether their beneficial effects are only seen when they are used in combination. Most likely they both independently increase fertility potential, with relatively more fertility benefit coming from the IUI component.

Assisted reproductive technologies and IVF as treatment for unexplained infertility

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has high success in young women with normal ovarian reserve testing and unexplained infertility. Most couples with unexplained infertility with a female partner under age 40 will try about 3 artificial inseminations and if not pregnant - do IVF.

Culled from........http://www.advancedfertility.com/unexplai.htm

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX...................WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at
JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com

joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

Shoestring Webinar

2010-02-26T17:04:00.000-08:00

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HOW INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION CAN SAVE YOUR MARRIAGE, AND GIVE YOU CHILDREN OF YOUR OWN

2010-02-22T11:07:00.000-08:00

HOW INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION CAN SAVE YOUR MARRIAGE, AND GIVE YOU CHILDREN OF YOUR OWN

Couples that have been trying to conceive for a long time without success will likely eventually turn for help with conception. As assisted reproductive techniques have grown and expanded, infertile couples now have many different options to choose from, including fertility drugs like clomid and more intricate procedures such as IVF. Despite these advances, many couples still opt for one of the oldest and most reliable methods of assisted conception: intrauterine insemination.

What is Intrauterine Insemination?

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is process whereby sperm are artificially placed in the uterus with the help of a catheter. This procedure helps to ensure that more sperm are available and able to access a woman’s egg, thereby aiding fertilisation and conception.

IUI is the updated name for what was once known as artificial insemination. The reason for the name change is that artificial insemination can now occur in four different locations: the vagina (intravaginal insemination), the cervix (intracervical insemination), the uterus and the fallopian tubes (intratubal insemination). While artificial insemination is seen as an umbrella term for these four methods, intrauterine insemination is the more exact name that refers to the specific method of placing sperm in the uterus. Of the four methods, IUI is the most commonly used while intratubal insemination is rarely used as it involves an invasive procedure.

Who Can Use This Treatment?
IUI is usually suggested for those couples who have been trying to conceive for a year or more without success and have been found to have infertility issues. It is always recommended to perform a complete infertility examination before undergoing this process.

In general, artificial insemination is used when:

Unexplained infertility
Male infertility (mild)
Failure to conceive after ovulation induction treatment
Immunological (anti sperm antibodies)
Ejaculatory failure
Retrograde ejaculation

•A woman’s cervical mucus is scant or hostile to sperm. Through IUI, sperm directly reaches the uterus, bypassing the cervix and the cervical mucus.

•The man has a low sperm count, though the sperm should be healthy.

•Male infertility due to antibodies to his own sperm. Sperm not damaged by the antibodies will be separated and used in the IUI process.

•Ejaculation issues due to vaginal muscle contractions or psychological problems.

•Retrograde ejaculation, a condition where the semen goes back into the bladder rather than being expelled from the body.

•Couples who cannot naturally have intercourse due to disability, injury or premature ejaculation.

In the process of iui, the fertilisation of the egg and sperm occurs naturally, although the sperm is given a kind of "push" into the uterus. For this reason, both partners must meet certain criteria in order to have the best chances at success with IUI.

Male Partner Requirements

Tests down on sperm prior to IUI must reveal normal functioning in terms of:

•Sperm count

•Mobility (movement of sperm)

•Sperm morphology (shape of sperm)

If sperm are naturally not healthy or they are misshaped, even the use of artificial insemination cannot induce fertilisation. Under some circumstances, the treatment may also be done using donor sperms. This is called AID (Artificial Insemination by Donor) or TDI (Therapeutic Donor Insemination). If using donor sperm, make sure it is tested for mobility, shape as well as quarantined for 180 days before use. Tests for infectious diseases and disorders, including HIV, must be performed on the semen sample before it can be used.

Female Partner Requirements

Because fertilisation and conception are still expected to take place as normal, the female partner will be tested to ensure that she has:

•A normal ovulation cycle

•Open fallopian tubes

•A normal uterine cavity

Sometimes, woman with ovulatory disorders or those who ovulate irregularly can undergo IUI with the help of fertility drugs. These drugs stimulate the brain to produce hormones that in turn induce the ovary follicles to mature into eggs. Once the eggs mature, IUI can be used to introduce the sperm inside the uterus. The timing of this particular procedure is important, as it is only when the egg and sperm are both present that fertilisation will occur.

Woman suffering from endometriosis but who have a healthy pelvic structure may also benefit from IUI.

Unfortunately, those with damaged fallopian tubes, poor egg quality, are over the age of 40, or who are menopausal are not candidates for IUI, as the chances of conceiving are too low.

The Procedure

Patency health tests

It is essential that your fallopian tubes are known to be open and healthy before the IUI process begins. A tubal patency test is usually carried out as part of your assessment by the fertility clinic.

The typical method for assessing the health of your pelvis and the patency of your fallopian tubes is Hysterosalpingogram [HSG] and dye testing or Sonohysterogram.

When the pelvis and tubes are healthy, dye passes freely through both tubes. There should be no adhesions present that might prevent an egg from having access to either tube from the ovaries. This is performed under a short general anaesthetic.

The test may show that you only have one open healthy tube although you may have both ovaries. IUI treatment can then only be carried out when there is evidence that ovulation is about to occur from the ovary that is on the same side as the open tube.

The second essential requirement is that there is no significant problem with sperm numbers or sperm quality.

Intrauterine insemination can be performed with or without the use of fertility drugs. However, using fertility drugs does increase the number of eggs your body matures and therefore increases the likelihood of conception. On the other hand, your risk of a multiple pregnancy is also increased. Discuss the pros and cons of using fertility drugs with your partner and your fertility specialist before deciding whether you would like to use fertility medications.

IUI begins with an ultrasound check-up of the female to determine the size of the follicles that can mature into eggs. She is then given oral fertility drugs, if she has decided to use these, to help stimulate a greater number of egg follicles to mature.

Next, with the help of ultrasound scanning and blood tests to check for oestrogen levels (estrogen is the hormone released by the female body to help the growth of the eggs), follicular growth is monitored. In women who have taken fertility medications, this also helps in individualising drug doses, keeping track of potential side effects and reducing the risk of multiple pregnancy.

In some cases, women undergoing IUI may receive an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone to stimulate egg growth and cause ovulation. Administering this hormone causes eggs to be released within 30 to 40 hours and provides a better assurance of an egg being present in the ovary when IUI takes place.

Timing is very crucial when dealing with IUI, as sperm has to be injected at the precise time when ovulation has occurred or is about to occur. Around the time of expected ovulation, a sample of fresh semen is collected from the male partner and processed in the lab by washing in a culture medium or using a density gradient column. This is done to obtain good quality sperm while minimizing the number of unhealthy, poor quality sperm. A prompt insemination after the processing is important to increase the success rate. Sometimes a sperm sample taken at an earlier date may also be frozen and later used for IUI.

Sperm is then inserted into the cervix and placed high inside the uterus by using a catheter. It is a painless procedure and does not take more than 20 to 30 minutes.

Once insemination is done, regular ultrasound monitoring and pregnancy tests are performed to find out whether the process was successful.

Risk Factors

While IUI is a relatively straight forward process, there are risks involved. This can include infection, brief cramping of uterus, or transmission of venereal disease from donor sperms. However, the strict quarantine applied nowadays by sperm banks has decreased the risk of viral transmissions dramatically.

The use of fertility drugs brings with it the risk of a multiple pregnancy. In order to reduce this risk, your doctor may stop your cycle midway. The chance of a miscarriage occurring and having a low birth weight baby is high in the case of multiple pregnancies.

Fertility medications may also cause a rare condition called ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Women affected by this will experience an enlarging of their ovaries and a collection of fluid in the abdomen. If this occurs, the IUI process may be stopped before insemination.

Success Rate

In a given cycle, the possibility of conception is 10% to 20% provided the sperm count is good and the female has a healthy fallopian tube. The woman’s age is also a deciding factor on the success rate, since advanced maternal age results in fewer follicles maturing into eggs.

Doctors usually recommend trying two to three IUI cycles before opting for another fertility treatment, such as IVF.

Cost of treatment

Compared to other fertility treatments, IUI is relatively less expensive. Depending on the facilities provided by the clinic, the cost may be between $500 and $1000. This may or may not include the cost of drugs, hormone treatments, donor sperms and other added treatments.

Culled from............http://www.womens-health.co.uk/iui.html

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX...................WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:

+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com
joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

PROTECT YOUR HEART AT EVERY AGE

2010-02-20T06:34:00.000-08:00

Protect Your Heart at Every Age
By Woman's Day Staff

You're never too young—or too old—to start lowering your heart disease risk. Of course, exercising, eating healthy and reducing stress are key throughout life, but due to physiological changes that happen as we age, certain risk factors do become more of a threat.
In Your 20s

Stub Out a Social Smoking Habit
Smoking is enemy number one when it comes to heart disease, and even just a few cigarettes can do damage: New research from McGill University in Montreal found that smoking just one cigarette a day stiffens your arteries by a whopping 25 percent. Plus, smoking erases the hormonal advantage you have from estrogen, which can leave you vulnerable to a heart attack before menopause, explains Dr. Bonow.

Don't Ignore the Birth Control Factor
Remember that hormonal contraceptives slightly increase the risk of blood clots, so if you've ever had one, make sure to discuss it with your doctor before going on birth control. And if you're currently a smoker, don't take oral contraceptives, because the combo can be especially dangerous, says Sharonne N. Hayes, MD, director of the Women's Heart Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Watch Your Alcohol Intake
Moderate amounts of alcohol can have a beneficial effect on your heart. (By "moderate," we mean one drink a day or about 5 ounces—but many restaurants serve far more than that.) Overdoing it can raise triglycerides, increase blood pressure and lead to weight gain, thanks to all those empty calories.

In Your 30s

Get a Grip on Stress
When you're juggling career and family, it's crucial to find stress management techniques that work. "Untamed stress has a direct negative impact on heart health," says Dr. Stevens. "The constant bombardment of adrenaline raises blood pressure and destabilizes plaque in your arteries, making it likely to cause a clot or heart attack."

Lose the Baby Weight
No, you don't have to fit into your skinny jeans by the time the baby's 6 months old, but do aim to get back to your pre-pregnancy weight within one to two years. "Carrying around extra pounds can lead to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and other heart disease risk factors," Dr. Bonow says. Also remember that it's easier to lose weight in your 30s than in your 40s, when your metabolism slows down.

Stay Social
It's important to stay connected to friends and family for the sake of your mood and heart. Research at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that high levels of loneliness increase a woman's risk of heart disease by 76 percent. On the flip side, having strong social support can help lower your blood pressure and improve other cardiovascular functions. Set aside time once or twice a week to call friends, or make a monthly dinner date.

In Your 40s

Make Sleep a Priority
Thanks to peri-menopause, fluctuating hormone levels can interfere with a good night's sleep. But not getting at least seven hours of shut-eye regularly can lead to increased blood pressure, low-grade inflammation and higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol, all of which are harmful for your blood vessels and heart, explains Jennifer H. Mieres, MD, a cardiologist at New York University School of Medicine and coauthor of Heart Smart for Black Women and Latinas. Lack of sleep has also been linked to weight gain. So establish good habits: Turn in (and wake up) at the same time every day—even on weekends—and do your best to relax before going to bed, whether it's watching a favorite funny TV show or reading.

Reassess Your Risk Factors
You may discover that your cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar levels have changed in this decade, even if you aren't doing anything differently, says Dr. Hayes. In fact, 22 percent of 40-something women have high blood pressure and 50 percent have high cholesterol (a jump from 38 percent of women in their 30s), according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Also, be sure to get your thyroid checked around 45; hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland), which becomes more common as women get older, can negatively affect your cholesterol levels as well as your heart.

Step Up Strength Training
You start to lose muscle mass more rapidly in your 40s, which causes your metabolism to slow down since muscle burns more calories than fat. Unfortunately, this makes it harder to stave off those extra pounds. To help maintain muscle and keep your metabolism going, aim for two 15-minute sessions weekly of lifting weights, using a resistance band or doing other toning exercises.

Carve out Personal Time
"Between the demands of work and family, it becomes even more challenging to find time for yourself in your 40s," says Dr. Mieres. But it's crucial to do so—not only to help ease stress but also to guard against depression, which commonly crops up in this decade and can raise your risk of heart disease. "Find at least 10 minutes of ‘me' time every day to do something—even if it's just chatting on the phone with a friend—that helps you destress and regroup," says Dr. Mieres.

In Your 50s

Move More
Around menopause, you tend to gain extra weight around your belly, which can lead to insulin resistance, inflammation and heart strain. Cardiovascular fitness also starts to decline, particularly if you're not that physically active to begin with. "Unfortunately, at this point, women have to burn more calories to stay at the same weight," Dr. Stevens says. Start taking the stairs instead of the elevator whenever you can, walk faster around the mall, or jog to the mailbox to send letters instead of sticking your hand out the car window as you drive by. Small changes really do add up.

Have an ECG
Silent heart abnormalities become more common in your 50s, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) to check your heart's electrical activity can pick them up, says Dr. Goldberg. Also ask your doctor if you should have a stress test; this is especially important if you're just starting to exercise.

Add Fiber
Besides being good for your cholesterol and blood sugar, pumping up your fiber intake (think whole grains like oatmeal, brown rice and flaxseeds, as well as beans, fruits and veggies) can help prevent constipation, which becomes more of a problem as you get older and your digestive system starts to slow down.

In Your 60s

Get Even More Vigilant About Screenings
After you go through menopause and get older, your blood pressure and cholesterol tend to go up, and blood vessels get stiffer. "Have your blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol measured yearly," advises Dr. Goldberg.

Consider Medication
If you have hypertension or high cholesterol, the way you've been managing it before may not be enough. "As you get older, you may need more aggressive therapy," Dr. Bonow says. "High blood pressure that was controlled with one medication may now require three to control it." Talk to your doctor about whether you need to add to or adjust your medications to control your risk factors.

Be Alert to Symptoms
Now is when the first noticeable symptoms of heart disease may appear, so it's important to know what's normal for your body and be on the lookout for worrisome signs like chest discomfort, shortness of breath or changes in exercise tolerance—meaning you suddenly feel winded going up a flight of stairs or feel unusually tired for no apparent reason, says Dr. Mieres. If these appear, see your doctor pronto!
http://www.joasmedical.com/
Culled from........http://health.yahoo.com/featured/82/protect-your-heart-at-every-age/

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX...................WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.
We are located at
JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com
joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

ULTRASOUND FOR INFERTILITY

2010-02-20T05:44:00.000-08:00

ULTRASOUND FOR INFERTILITY
By Bets Davis, MFA; Sandy Jocoy, RN

Exam Overview

Ultrasound technology provides a nonsurgical way of viewing a woman's pelvic organs during various infertility tests and procedures. It uses high-frequency sound waves that travel at different speeds through body organs and tissues. The waves are then reflected back to a detector where they are converted into pictures. The probe (transducer) that is used to assess and help treat infertility-related conditions is placed within the vagina (transvaginal).

A hysterosonogram is done to evaluate the inside of the uterus (endometrial cavity) by filling the uterus with fluid during a transvaginal ultrasound. This procedure is also known as a sonohysterogram.

Ultrasound used for monitoring of ovarian follicle development can provide information about the number and size of developing follicles, the reaction of the uterine lining (endometrium) to follicle growth, and when to schedule artificial or intrauterine insemination just before you ovulate. Transvaginal ultrasound is better than transabdominal ultrasound for monitoring follicle growth, counting the number of follicles, and evaluating the thickness and pattern of growth of the uterine lining.

Ultrasound is a rapid, vaginally invasive procedure, is usually not painful, and requires no special dietary preparations. It is performed on an outpatient basis. Results are interpreted by a radiologist or a gynecologist. Testing requires that you empty your bladder and takes about 20 minutes.

Why It Is Done

Transvaginal ultrasound may be done to:

■View the external structures of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.

■Monitor the development of follicles in the ovary leading to ovulation. This helps to know when to schedule artificial or intrauterine insemination just before you ovulate.

■View the uterus and uterine lining.

■Guide the needle used to remove eggs to be used in assisted reproductive techniques.

■Count the number of egg follicles in the ovaries, which, along with your age and blood tests, may be used to give an estimate of treatment success.

For a comparison between ultrasound and laparoscopy, see ultrasound and assisted reproductive techniques.

Results

Findings of ultrasound may include the following.

Normal

The uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries are of normal size and shape with no visible growths or scar tissue or injury site (abnormal attachments to the wall of the abdomen). Follicle number and development appear normal.

Abnormal

Problems may include:

■Abnormally thick or deformed uterine lining.

■Structural defects or enlarged uterus.

■Growths within the organs, such as uterine fibroids or ovarian cysts.

■Abnormalities of the fallopian tubes, such as hydrosalpinx.

■Few visible egg follicles in the ovaries.

What To Think About

Small tumors and scars as well as some internal structures, such as a dividing tissue growth (septum) within the uterus, may not be visible with ultrasound.
http://www.joasmedical.com/
Culled from..........http://health.yahoo.com/reproductive-diagnosis/ultrasound-for-infertility/healthwise--hw201998.html

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX.......WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:

+23418112054

+2348023069403

EMAIL:

info@joasmedical.com
joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

INSEMINATION PROCEDURES FOR INFERTILITY

2010-02-20T05:37:00.000-08:00

Insemination procedures for infertility
By Bets Davis, MFA; Sandy Jocoy, RN

Treatment Overview
An insemination procedure uses a thin, flexible tube (catheter) to put sperm into the woman's reproductive tract. For some couples with infertility problems, insemination can improve the chances of pregnancy.

Donor sperm are used if the male partner is sterile, has an extremely low sperm count, or carries a risk of genetic disease. A woman planning to conceive without a male partner can also use donor sperm.

Prior to insemination, the sperm usually are washed and concentrated (placing unwashed sperm directly into the uterus can cause severe cramps). Concentration is accomplished by selectively choosing highly active, healthy sperm that are more capable of fertilizing an egg.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the placing of sperm into a woman's uterus when she is ovulating. This is achieved with a thin flexible tube (catheter) that is passed into the vagina, through the cervix, and into the uterus.

IUI can use sperm from the male partner or a donor. It is often combined with superovulation medication to increase the number of available eggs.

Artificial insemination (AI)
Artificial insemination (AI) is another name for intrauterine insemination but can also refer to placing sperm in a woman's vagina or cervix when she is ovulating. The sperm then travel into the fallopian tubes, where they can fertilize the woman's egg or eggs.

AI can be done with sperm from the male partner or a donor, and can be combined with superovulation.

What To Expect After Treatment
These techniques are done on an outpatient basis and require only a short recovery time. You may experience cramping during the procedure, especially if sperm are inserted into your uterus. You may be advised to avoid strenuous activities for the remainder of the day.

Why It Is Done
Intrauterine insemination or artificial insemination may be done if:

■Tests have shown no cause for a couple's infertility (unexplained infertility).
■A man releases semen and sperm into the urinary bladder instead of out the penis (retrograde ejaculation). Sperm are collected, washed, and used for insemination.
■A man's sperm are absent, low in quantity, or poor in quality. In this case, your doctor may recommend that you try ICSI. ICSI stands for intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
■There is a problem with a woman's cervix, as from prior surgery, that prevents sperm from traveling through it.
■A woman does not have a male partner.
How Well It Works
Insemination procedures can improve your chances of becoming pregnant, especially when combined with superovulation treatment.1 Treatment success is strongly influenced by a woman's age (an aging egg supply decreases pregnancy rate, and miscarriage risk increases with age).

Note: Most of the following success rates are given in terms of pregnancies conceived; they do not reflect the fact that some pregnancies miscarry. In any group of women, live birth rates are lower than early pregnancy rates.

Treating unexplained infertility
■Superovulated IUI offers a greater chance of pregnancy than does superovulated AI.1
■Without superovulation, IUI, AI, and well-timed intercourse produce similar pregnancy rates.1
Treating male infertility
■For mild male infertility, IUI has produced double the pregnancy rate (6.5%) of AI or well-timed intercourse (3%).1
■Superovulation may only slightly increase the chance of conception when using IUI for mild male infertility.1
Treating endometriosis-related infertility
■For infertility caused by mild endometriosis, women treated with IUI combined with gonadotropin superovulation had a much higher birth rate than those receiving no treatment.1
Studies have found no benefit to the practice of performing two IUI procedures per cycle for "subfertile" couples (who have not naturally conceived in 1 year but have no severe causes of infertility).2

Risks
Insemination combined with superovulation increases the risk of multiple pregnancy (conceiving more than one fetus).1Multiple pregnancy is high-risk for mother and fetuses. For more information, see the topic Multiple Pregnancy: Twins or More.

Insemination procedures pose a slight risk of infection.

Some women experience severe cramping during insemination.

There is a slight risk of puncturing the uterus during intrauterine insemination.

There is a slight risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome if superovulation is used together with insemination.

What To Think About
Insemination procedures are the simplest and least expensive methods of assisted reproduction. No anesthesia or surgery is needed.

Use of donor sperm
If donor sperm are necessary, you can choose a known or anonymous donor who is willing to provide sperm.

■Donor sperm from a male who isn't a sex partner (as from a sperm bank, friend, or relative) must remain frozen for at least 6 months before it can be used. This is done so that the donor can be tested twice over 6 months to ensure that he does not have any number of infectious diseases, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).3
■Frozen sperm are less effective than fresh sperm.
■A couple may choose to use sperm from a donor who resembles the male partner.
http://www.joasmedical.com/
Culled from........http://health.yahoo.com/reproductive-treatment/insemination-procedures-for-infertility/healthwise--hw202610.html

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX.............WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:

+23418112054

+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:

info@joasmedical.com
joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

TIPS FOR BETTER SLEEP

2010-02-20T05:31:00.000-08:00

TIPS FOR BETTER SLEEP
By Simeon Margolis, M.D., Ph.D.

Like millions of other Americans, I often have trouble with insomnia — either I can't fall asleep, or I awake prematurely and am unable to get back to sleep. The following sleep tips, compiled from various sources, may prove helpful to some of my fellow insomniacs.

■Only use your bed for sleeping or having sex, not for reading, doing paperwork, watching TV, snacking, or making phone calls.

■If you've been lying in bed but are beginning to fear you're not going to drop off, try some of these techniques: Count sheep or count backwards from 100 (one of my favorites) to stop yourself from thinking about the problems of yesterday or tomorrow; breathe deeply for awhile; or visualize some peaceful place.

■If you can't get to sleep after lying in bed for 30 minutes or more, get up for awhile. What to do? Try reading something incredibly boring.

■Develop a bedtime routine.

■Keep regular bedtime hours.

■Before bedtime, avoid tobacco and caffeinated beverages (not just coffee, but other drinks like tea, cola, and Dr. Pepper).

■Avoid alcohol right before bedtime — a nightcap might get your mind fuzzy enough to put you to sleep, but such sleep may be interrupted by periods of awakening. By contrast, the stress-lowering effect of a drink with dinner may help to promote sleep later.

■Avoid naps (or falling asleep in front of boring TV programs, as I do).

■Try to get up at the same time every day rather than sleeping in on weekends.

■Exercise every day, but not shortly before bedtime since exercise gets the adrenaline going.

■If you use an illuminated clock for a wakeup alarm, place it where you can't keep looking at it to check the time.

■Buy a firm mattress and keep your bedroom well ventilated (a cool temperature works best for me).

■And you might also try some of these: a warm bath, warm milk, light bedtime snack, massage, or quiet music (which turns itself off automatically).

■Use earplugs for extreme quiet.

■If you have a painful joint or a headache, take a pain pill before bedtime (but be sure it doesn't contain caffeine).

■Avoid stimulating reading or television shows late at night.

If the insomnia stubbornly persists, check with your doctor to make sure some underlying health problem (such as depression, anxiety, hyperthyroidism, heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) isn't keeping you awake. If all is well, you might ask for one of the several types of prescription sleeping pills that can be useful in the short term.
http://www.joasmedical.com/
culled from........http://health.yahoo.com/experts/healthnews/13364/tips-for-better-sleep/

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX.............WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at
JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com
joasdiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
http://www.joasmedical.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

FEMALE COMPUTER OPERATORS VACANCIES IN LAGOS NIGERIA

2010-02-07T02:31:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/07/female-computer-operators-vacancies-in-lagos-nigeria/FEMALE COMPUTER OPERATORS VACANCIES IN LAGOS NIGERIA

Applications are cordially invited from qualified applicants to fill the limited vacancies in the Computer Departments that exists at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, for the position below:

Position: COMPUTER OPERATORS :

Qualification:

COMPUTER OPERATORS: Candidate must possess ...........FOR FURTHER INFORMATION GO TO THIS LINK...........http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/07/female-computer-operators-vacancies-in-lagos-nigeria/

2010-02-04T11:21:00.000-08:00

!!!! 11 WAYS TO STOP BAD BREATH FINALLY, WITH THE ULTIMATE CURE!!!

2010-02-02T12:12:00.000-08:00

BAD BREATH CURE FINALLY AVAILABLE!!!!!

Bad breath, or halitosis, can be a major problem, especially when you're about to snuggle with your sweetie or whisper a joke to your friend. The good news is that bad breath can now be cured effectively.

Halitosis, or most commonly bad breath are terms used to describe noticeably unpleasant odors exhaled in breathing – whether the smell is from an oral source due to bacteria or otherwise. Halitosis has a significant impact – personally and socially – on those who suffer from it, and is estimated to be the third most frequent reason for seeking dental aid, following tooth decay and periodontal disease.

Bad breath may also be persistent (chronic bad breath), which is a more serious condition, affecting some 25% of the population in varying degrees It can negatively affect the individual's personal, social, and business relationships, leading to poor self-esteem and increased stress.

CAUSES

Bad breath is caused by odor-producing bacteria that grow in the mouth. When you don't brush and floss regularly, bacteria accumulate on the bits of food left in your mouth and between your teeth. The sulfur compounds released by these bacteria make your breath smell.

Certain foods, especially ones like garlic and onions that contain pungent oils, can contribute to bad breath because the oils are carried to your lungs and out through your mouth. Smoking is also a major cause of bad breath.

Systemic diseases
There are a few systemic (non-oral) medical conditions which may also cause foul breath odor, but these are extremely infrequent in the general population. Such conditions are:

[1] Fetor hepaticus: an example of a rare type of bad breath caused by chronic liver failure.

[2] Lower respiratory tract infections (bronchial and lung infections).

[3] Renal infections and renal failure.

[4] Carcinoma

[5] Trimethylaminuria ("fish odor syndrome").

[6] Diabetes mellitus

[7] Metabolic dysfunction

Bad Breath Treatment

Self-Care at Home

People who suffer from bad breath want to know how to get rid of bad breath. Some examples of measures an individual can do to prevent or get rid of bad breath include:

Practice good oral hygiene to include:

[1] brush at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste,

[2] brush the teeth after meals,

[3] brush the tongue,

[4] replace your toothbrush every two to three months,

[5] use dental floss regularly,

[6] dentures should be removed at night and cleaned thoroughly before being placed in your mouth, and

[7] see your dentist at least twice a year.

[8] Stop smoking/chewing tobacco-based products

[9] Keep your mouth moist by:

[a] drinking water, and

[b] chewing sugarless gum or hard candy to stimulate the production of saliva.

[10] Avoid foods such as onions or garlic which may cause bad breath.

[11] Mouthwash provides a temporary way to mask bad breath odors, but it may not treat the underlying cause.

THE ULTIMATE BAD BREATH CURE

Dr. Harold Katz, "dentist to the stars," says in a news release that one of the keys is to avoid eating certain dishes that can cause bad breath. Sacrificing certain dishes in order to keep your breath fresh may seem a bit extreme, but would you rather eat hearty and stand alone in the corner, or make a few adjustments and have a real shot under the mistletoe?

“The fact is that brushing your teeth and using some mouthwash to eliminate breath odors is a great start, but the effects of that regimen pretty much wear off before you even make it to lunch,” Dr. Katz says. “Of course you should brush your teeth and floss on a daily basis, but that’s not enough to keep your breath fresh all day. Food is just one of the many variables that can cause bad breath, but watching what you eat is a good place to start.”

Dr. Harold Katz is a graduate of the UCLA School of Dentistry and holds a separate degree in Bacteriology, also from UCLA. He is the founder of The California Breath Clinics and the author of ‘’The Bad Breath Bible’’, and bearer of the now famous Halimeter which tests the sulfur compounds that cause bad breath. Katz is continually researching new ways to improve bad breath treatments and bring them to the general public. Dr. Katz’s website http://www.therabreath.com offers a free online bad breath test along with recommendations for eliminating bad breath.

Professional Formula Oxygenating Fresh Breath Oral Rinse

• Stops All Bad Breath Instantly!

• Dentist Recommended, Clinically Proven

• 24 Hour Confidence

• No Alcohol, No Saccharin

Eliminates All Types of Bad Breath

The patented TheraBreath formula has been clinically proven to be effective in eliminating all types of bad breath, including strong food odors such as garlic and onion, smelly "Morning Mouth", and smoker's breath. TheraBreath also remedies dry mouth, sometimes caused by prescription medicines - another cause of bad breath odor.

24 Hour Confidence

Regular use of Dr. Katz's TheraBreath oral care products will give you the confidence of knowing that your breath is its very freshest 24/7. You'll never be embarrassed again by offensive breath because TheraBreath doesn't mask odors with strong flavors like other products - it eliminates the cause at the source!

For the most effective control and elimination of bad breath, be sure to try Dr. Katz's other quality TheraBreath products, available at many fine stores.

• TheraBreath Oxygenating Toothpaste

• TheraBreath Extinguisher Oral Spray

• TheraBreath Tongue Cleaner

• TheraBreath Fresh Strips

• TheraBreath Chewing Gum

• TheraBreath ZOX Breath Mints

• TheraFloss in Hygienic One-Use Packets

If your local store doesn't carry these products, go online to drkatz.com to find a store near you that does.

The California Breath Clinics

Dr. Katz founded the California Breath Clinics to help countless patients learn how to control and conquer the causes of chronic bad breath. His years of dedicated work led to the development of the patented TheraBreath formula.

Patented Ingredients

Dr. Katz's proprietary formula utilizes the oxygen-generating power of OXYD 8® to effectively attack the volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced by the oral bacteria responsible for causing bad breath. No other method of treatment has been proven to be more effective than this oxygenation treatment. Now you can benefit from the same clinical treatment formula developed by Dr. Katz for his very own patients!

TheraBreath fights bad breath at the source by attacking sulfur-producing bacteria that hide beneath the surface of the tongue and often in the throat and tonsils.

TheraBreath Ingredients Benefits

OXYD 8® Dr. Katz's Patented Oxygenating Agent A powerful oxygenator that effectively attacks and neutralizes the volatile sulfur compounds that cause bad breath odors and bitter tastes.

Sodium Bicarbonate Helps to neutralize oral acids, which are linked to tooth decay, sensitive teeth, and periodontal problems.

Natural Essential Oil of Peppermint An all-natural flavoring that also acts as an anti-microbial agent.

"!!!TO GET THE ULTIMATE BAD BREATH CURE NOW, CLICK ON THIS LINK!!!"

Questions, Concerns, Comments? Call: 1-800-97-FRESH or visit drkatz.com

HOW YOU CAN OVERCOME INFERTILITY AND HAVE AS MANY CHILDREN AS YOU WANT, EVEN AT MATURE AGE

2010-02-01T11:57:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/female-infertility-problems-with-solutions-and-techniques/

FEMALE INFERTILITY PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS AND TECHNIQUES

In my many years of practice of medical ultrasound I have attended to thousands of women suffering from infertility due to many causes including abortion, legal or illegal.

I had this patient, she has being married for over 7 years with no child. She came to me for ultrasound scan test, after the tests, I noticed that the endometrial cavity was thin and fibrosed with evidence of adhesion. I asked her if she had had a miscarriage, she told me that she had never being pregnant since she got married. I now asked her if she had ever being pregnant before she got married, and what happened to her.
That was when she opened up and told me the whole story.
She was a virgin and had this boyfriend, after much pressure from the young man for some closer intimate moments with her, she finally gave in to keep the relationship. They had sex only once, but unfortunately for her she became pregnant.
In an effort to hide it from their parents , since they were not ready to get married yet and were very young, they both agreed to have an abortion.
They went to a clinic [qualified or not we cannot tell], and had the abortion, after that all was well. She separated from the young man , and had never had sex with any other man until she got married.
Now for seven years she could not get pregnant, she thought she was cursed. She had done many tests and all results were normal but no improvement in her situation. Until she came to me and I made my findings.

In this article , I want to assure you that I am not here to talk about pro abortion nor con abortion issues. I am not here to condemn anyone, nor discuss moral issues of abortion. That is not my place. I am only interested in discussing about infertility, the causes, diagnostic tests, treatments especially a simple assisted reproductive technique called Intrauterine Insemination [IUI].

INFERTILITY

Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected sexual activity or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term. Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a person to contribute to conception. Infertility may also refer to the state of a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. There are many biological causes of infertility, some which may be bypassed with medical intervention.
Women who are fertile experience a natural period of fertility before and during ovulation, and they are naturally infertile during the rest of the menstrual cycle. Fertility awareness methods are used to discern when these changes occur by tracking changes in cervical mucus or basal body temperature. If a woman keeps having miscarriages, it is also called infertility. Lots of couples have infertility problems. About a third of the time, infertility can be traced to the woman. In another third of cases, it is because of the man. The rest of the time, it is because of both partners or no cause is found. Women who can get pregnant but are unable to stay pregnant may also be infertile.

Pregnancy is the result of a process that has many steps. To get pregnant:

A woman’s body must release an egg from one of her ovaries (ovulation).
The egg must go through a fallopian tube toward the uterus (womb).
A man's sperm must join with (fertilize) the egg along the way.
The fertilized egg must attach to the inside of the uterus (implantation).
Infertility can happen if there are problems with any of these steps.

There are strict definitions of infertility used by many doctors. However, there are also similar terms, e.g. subfertility for a more benign condition and fecundity for the natural improbability to conceive. Infertility in a couple can be due to either the woman or the man, not necessarily both.

Infertlity
A couple is considered to be infertile if:
the couple has not conceived after 12 months of contraceptive-free intercourse if the female is under the age of 34
the couple has not conceived after 6 months of contraceptive-free intercourse if the female is over the age of 35 (declining egg quality of females over the age of 35 account for the age-based discrepancy as when to seek medical intervention)
the female is incapable of carrying a pregnancy to term.

Subfertility
A couple that has tried unsuccessfully to have a child for a year or more is said to be subfertile meaning less fertile than a typical couple. The couple's fecundability rate is approximately 3-5%. Many of its causes are the same as those of infertility. Such causes could be endometriosis, or polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Primary vs. secondary infertility
Couples with primary infertility have never been able to conceive, while, on the other hand, secondary infertility is difficulty conceiving after already having conceived (and either carried the pregnancy to term, or had a miscarriage). Technically, secondary infertility is not present if there has been a change of partners.

CAUSES

What causes infertility?Infertility may be due to problems in the female, the male or a combination of both. In some cases, the cause is not known.Some common female factors that may cause or contribute to infertility include:

•
Damage to the fallopian tubes following infection or surgery;
•
Uterine fibroids;
•
High levels of the hormone prolactin;
•
Ovulation problems;
•
Endometriosis;
•
Pelvic inflammatory disease;
•
Galactorhoea (milk leaking from the breasts).
•
Amennorhoea (absence of periods).
•
Hostile cervical mucus. This is a condition in which the ......FOR FURTHER READING GO TO THIS LINK......http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/female-infertility-problems-with-solutions-and-techniques/
http://www.joasmedical.com/

HOW YOU CAN TELL IF YOU HAVE BREAST CANCER, AND PREVENT IT FROM KILLING YOU

2010-02-01T11:50:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/my-breasts-and-my-killers-breast-cancer/

MY BREASTS AND MY KILLERS ------[BREAST CANCER]

She was such a young and pretty lady of 24years of age.
I tell you the truth she was really well endowed especially at the chest level.
She walked up to me at the clinic and requested to consult with me.I took her into my office and tried to find out what was wrong with her.She told me that her breasts were the problem. I was astonished. ‘’What do you mean?’’. She informed me that some few years back she noticed a lump or hardness in one of her breast, but was too shy to tell anyone, not even her parents, but instead of the hardness going soft, it increased in size and number, affecting the second breast, then became really painful.
Because she was still embarrassed to show them to anyone, she kept quiet hoping the problem will go away as they came. The embarrassment was so much that she could not keep a boyfriend.
The situation got worse, until recently when she started noticing brownish bloody discharge from her nipples that she really got scared. ‘’Lucky me’’, she decided to talk to me.I did an ultrasound of her breasts and found so many masses in them, which were latter comfirmed to be cancerous.
An xray of her chest was done , we found out that the cancer has eaten into her lungs and her backbones.It was a sorry state, it was too late. This young pretty lady have just a short time to live, because the cancer have spread extensively.
After some months she died. What a tragic end?
This is the situation with many young girls to mature ladies in Nigeria, we have a social stigma problem that make it difficult for us to complain early and save lives. If that young lady had complained many years ago when she noticed the first lump, she would have lived. In this article I am going to really write long , because this is a very serious issue, it is killing our sisters, wives, mothers and grandmothers. I am very concerned because that young lady is not the only one I knew that died of breast cancer. I want this to stop, so I must sound a serious warning to you ladies that read this blog
‘’BREAST CANCER KILLS. TAKE YOUR BREAST SERIOUS’’
In this article we are going to look at the causes, symptoms, screening tests, diagnosis, treatments and your own participation.

DEFINITION

Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the breast, usually in the inner lining of the milk ducts or lobules.Breast cancer is the most common causes of cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer death of women in Nigeria. Breast cancer can affect ladies of all ages that have developed breasts.I know that when we talk of breast , it is as if only women are affected. The truth is that men do also have breast cancer.However breast cancer is about 100 times more frequent among women as among men.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

The first symptom or subjective sign of breast cancer is typically a lump that feels different from the surrounding breast tissues. More than 80% of breast cancer cases are discovered when the woman feels a lump.The first medical sign or objective indication of breast cancer as detected by a physician is discovered by mammography [xray] and sonomammography [ultrasound of the breasts].Lumps found in lymph nodes located in the armpits can also indicate breast cancer. Indications of breast cancer other than a lump may include changes in breast size and shape, skin dimpling, nipple inversion, or spontaneous single-nipple discharge. Pain is an unreliable tool in determining the presence or absence of breast cancer , but may be indicative of other breast health symptoms

SYMPTOMS

[1] Lumps in breasts
[2] Increase in breast size
[3] Change in breast shape
[4] Skin dimpling of the breast
[5] Nipple inversion
[6] Spontaneous single-nipple discharge
[7] Pain
[8] Skin inflammation which includes pain, swelling, warmth, redness as well as an orange-peel texture of the skin.
[9] Tingling, itching, increased sensitivity and burning Most symptoms of breast disorder do not turn out to represent underlying breast cancer. Benign breast diseases such as mastitis and fibroadenoma of the breast are more common causes of breast disorders.

CAUSES

No one knows the exact causes of breast cancer. Doctors often cannot explain why one woman develops breast cancer and another does not. They do know that bumping, bruising, or touching the breast does not cause cancer. And breast cancer is not contagious. You cannot "catch" it from another person.Research has shown that women with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop breast cancer. A risk factor is something that may increase the chance of developing a disease.Studies have found the following risk factors for breast cancer:

Age: The chance of getting breast cancer goes up as a woman gets older. Most cases of breast cancer occur in women over 60. This disease is not common before menopause.
Personal history of breast cancer: A woman who had breast cancer in one breast has an increased risk of getting cancer in her other breast.

Family history: A woman's risk of breast cancer is higher if her mother, sister, or daughter had breast cancer. The risk is higher if her family member got breast cancer before age 40. Having other relatives with breast cancer (in either her mother's or father's family) may also increase a woman's risk.

Certain breast changes: Some women have cells in the breast that look abnormal under a microscope. Having certain types of abnormal cells (atypical hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ [LCIS]) increases the risk of breast cancer.

Gene changes: Changes in certain genes increase the risk of breast cancer. These genes include BRCA1, BRCA2, and others. Tests can sometimes show the presence of specific gene changes in families with many women who have had breast cancer. Health care providers may suggest ways to try to reduce the risk of breast cancer, or to improve the detection of this disease in women who have these changes in their genes.

Reproductive and menstrual history:
The older a woman is when she has her first child, the greater her chance of breast cancer.
Women who had their first menstrual period before age 12 are at an increased risk of breast cancer.
Women who went through menopause after age 55 are at an increased risk of breast cancer.
Women who never had children are at an increased risk of breast cancer.
Women who take menopausal hormone therapy with estrogen plus progestin after menopause also appear to have an increased risk of breast cancer.
Large, well-designed studies have shown no link between abortion or miscarriage and breast cancer.

Race: Breast cancer is diagnosed more often in white women than Latina, Asian, or African American women.

Radiation therapy to the chest: Women who had radiation therapy to the chest (including breasts) before age 30 are at an increased risk of breast cancer. This includes women treated with radiation for Hodgkin's lymphoma. Studies show that the younger a woman was when she received radiation treatment, the higher her risk of breast cancer later in life.

Breast density: Breast tissue may be dense or fatty. Older women whose mammograms (breast x-rays) show more dense tissue are at increased risk of breast cancer.
Taking DES (diethylstilbestrol): DES was given to some pregnant women in the United States between about 1940 and 1971. (It is no longer given to pregnant women.) Women who took DES during pregnancy may have a slightly increased risk of breast cancer. The possible effects on their daughters are under study.

Being overweight or obese after menopause: The chance of getting breast cancer after menopause is higher in women who are overweight or obese.
Lack of physical activity: Women who are physically inactive throughout life may have an increased risk of breast cancer. Being active may help reduce risk by preventing weight gain and obesity .

Drinking alcohol: Studies suggest that the more alcohol a woman drinks, the greater her risk of breast cancer.Other possible risk factors are under study. Researchers are studying the ..............FOR FURTHER READING GO TO THIS LINK............http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/my-breasts-and-my-killers-breast-cancer/
http://www.joasmedical.com/

15 CAUSES OF MENSTRUATION PAINS, AND HOW TO STOP IT FROM DESTROYING YOUR LIFE

2010-01-21T13:07:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/06/15-causes-of-menstruation-pains-and-how-to-stop-it-from-destroying-your-life/
MENSTRUATION PAINS THAT CAN KILL?
[ACUTE AND CHRONIC PELVIC PAINS]

I came to the office one morning to meet our female receptionist weeping on her desk with her hand guarding her pelvic region, before I could ask her any question, she had shouted out loud in pains and ran towards the toilet, she didn’t make it to the toilet before she threw up, then started crying and continue guarding her lower abdomen.
As a medical personnel, many things ran through my mind, like ruptured appendicitis or ectopic pregnancy, then I myself almost panicked when those life threatening thoughts crossed my mind, because that is serious thoughts, I persuaded her to take some pain killers and quickly go to a physician, she went , and after some days was relieved, but the next month the same thing happened and so on.

In this article we are not going to look at menstruation pains alone, but all forms of acute and chronic pelvic pains, the types, causes, diagnostic tests and treatment options.

Many women have pain in their pelvic region at some point in their lives. Finding the cause of pelvic pain can be a long process, often there is more than one reason for the pain and its exact source can be hard to detect.
Pelvic pain is a common symptom in women of all ages, in some cases no specific cause canbe found, but being reassured that there is no serious underlying problem can be helpful.
Pelvic pain can be described as acute or chronic .
Acute pain relates to pain that is of recent onset and maybe severe . In young women there are many possible causes for this.
Long standing or chronic pelvic pain may have different causative factors to acute pain, although there may be some degree of overlap.

TYPES OF PELVIC PAIN
Pelvic pain can vary in how it is felt, and when it occurs. It can come and go for brief times or it can be constant. Sometimes pelvic pain can reoccur on a regular cycle or schedule, it also may occur only at certain times, before or after eating, while you urinate, during sex or during menstrual period.
Some women feel pain almost everyday. This may mean that a problem has gotten worse. Overtime it may become more deficult to cope with the pain. When this occurs, a woman may feel pain, at some times more than others, even though the problem has not gotten worse.
Pelvic pain can disrupt a woman’s work, movements, sexual relations, sleeps, or family duties. Not knowing what the cause of the pain can make it even more stressful when pain has been present for a long time, it can affect a woman’s mental and physical health.
Pelvic pain that lasts for more than 6 months and does not improve with treatment is called chronic pelvic pain.
The type and nature of pelvic pain, whether it comes and goes or is constant, is sharp or dull, is in one place or a broad area, this will help your physician detect the cause of the problem

TYPES OF PAIN AND POSSIBLE CAUSE
[a] Localised Pain --- Maybe due to an inflammation.
[b] Colicky Pain --- May be caused by spasm in a soft organ, such as the intestine, ureter or appendix.
[c] Sudden Onset Of Pain --- May be caused by a temporary deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction in the circulation of blood.
[d] Slowly Developing Pain --- May be due to inflammation of the appendix or an intestinal obstruction.
[e] Pain Involving The Entire Abdomen --- May suggest an accumulation of blood , pus, or intestinal contents.
[f] Pain Aggravated By Movement Or During Examination --- May be as a result of irritation in the lining of the abdominal cavity.

CAUSES OF PAIN
[1] Adhesions [Scar tissues] from previous healing after pelvic infections or pelvic surgeries, eg Ceasarian sections, appendicitis, etc
[2] Pelvic Inflammatory Disease [PID]
[3] Ovarian cysts [Twisted or Ruptured]
[4] Ectopic Pregnancy
[5] Urinary Tract Infection
[6] Appendicitis
[7] Dysmenorrhoea --- is a medical condition characterized by severe uterine pain during menstruation. While most women experience minor pain during ..............FOR FURTHER READING GO TO THIS LINK..................
http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/06/15-causes-of-menstruation-pains-and-how-to-stop-it-from-destroying-your-life/

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7 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR PROSTATE, AND SAVE YOUR SELF FROM BEING KILLED SILENTLY

2010-01-21T12:52:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/07/7-things-you-need-to-know-about-your-prostate-and-save-your-self-from-being-killed-silently/
MENS’ SILENT KILLER ‘PROSTATE CANCER’

Prostate cancer is a number one silent killer of men. The prostate is a gland found only in men, it is located just below the bladder and just behind the front wall of the rectum. There are three main conditions that can affect your prostate. They are

[a] Prostate enlargement

[b] Prostatitis [inflammation of the prostate gland]

[c] Cancer of the prostate Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer develops in the prostate.

Prostate enlargement and prostate cancer usually affect men over the age of 50years and about half of men over this age will have some sort of prostate enlargement. Prostatitis can affect men of any age

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms depend on what condition you have . But common symptoms of prostate disease are

[a] Difficulty in passing urine

[b] Pain when ejaculating during sexual intercourse

[c] Frequent or urgent need to pass urine

[d] A weak, sometimes intermittent flow of urine

[e] Pain when passing urine

[f] Erectile dysfunction

DIAGNOSIS

Prostate diseases and prostate cancer can be detected by

[a] Prostate ultrasound

[b] Laboratory tests like Prostate-Specific Antigen[PSA] blood tests, will test the amount of PSA in a sample of your blood.

[c] Prostate biopsy

[d] CT, MRI and bone scans

[e] An ultrasound scan of your bladder to see how it empties urine

[f] Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasound scan

[g] Swab tests [laboratory tests] of the lining of your urethra or penis.

TREATMENT

Treatment for prostate diseases depend on the condition and how severe the symptoms are.

Regards

Dr. Victor Efughi

Consultant Clinical Specialist Sonographer

For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX——-WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER, WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

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13 CAUSES OF HEAVY MENSTRUATION AND HOW YOU CAN STOP IT FROM KILLING YOU

2010-01-21T12:38:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/that-heavy-menstruation-can-kill-any-woman-%e2%80%98%e2%80%99menorrhagia%e2%80%99%e2%80%99/#more-37
THAT HEAVY MENSTRUATION CAN KILL ANY WOMAN ‘’MENORRHAGIA’’

In 1994 there is a woman I knew , she is a mother of 2 children, she has being having the problem of heavy menstrual periods for years, like many other women in Nigeria.
This particular month, the menstrual period came and refuse to stop, she bled heavily for days and fainted [she almost died, many other women have died from excessive bleeding], her husband and neighbours had to quickly rush her to the nearest hospital, the doctor did all he could to stop the bleeding and revive the woman, all failed , the last resort was to remove the entire womb [hysterectomy] so as to save the woman’s life.
The entire womb was removed and the woman survived till this day, but she could no more have any other child.

In this article we are going to talk about menorrhagia, what causes it, the diagnosis/tests to check out for it, and treatments.

DEFINITION/COMPLICATIONS

Menorrhagia is an abnormal heavy and prolonged menstrual period at regular intervals.
Only females are affected by menorrhagia
At some time in your reproductive life, you have probably experienced heavy bleeding during your menstrual period [some times with blood clots]. If you are like some women, every period you have causes enough blood loss and cramping that you can not maintain your usual daily activities.
The medical term for periods like these---heavy excessive or prolonged is MENORRHAGIA.
Aside from the social distress of dealing with a prolonged and heavy period, overtime the blood loss may prove to be greater than the body iron reserves or the rate of blood replenishment, leading to ANEMIA.
Symptoms attributable to anemia may include shortness of breath, tiredness, weakness, tingling and numbness in fingers and toes, headaches, depression, becoming cold more easily and poor concentration.

CAUSES

There are several possible cause of menorrhagia , including the following
[1] Hormonal imbalance [particularly estrogen and progesterone], especially seen in adolescents [young girls] who are experiencing their menstrual period for the first time and in womaen approaching menopause.
[2] Pelvic inflammatory disease [PID]
[3] Uterine fibroids
[4] Abnormal pregnancy [like miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy]
[5] Infection, tumours, or polyps in te uterine cavity.
[6] Certain birth control devices [like intrauterine devices or IUCDs]
[7] Bleeding or platelet disorders
[8] High levels of prostaglandins [chemical substances wich help to control muscle contractions of the uterus]
[9] High levels of endothelins [chemical substances which help the blood vessels in the body dilate]
[10] Liver, kidney, thyroid disease or diabetic
[11] Polycystic ovarian syndrome
[12] Fat/obesity
[13] Cancer of the womb, ovaries or cervix
[14] Inherited bleeding disorder

SYMPTOMS

[1] Menstrual flow that soaks through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours.
[2] The need to use double sanitary protection to control your menstrual flow
[3] The need to change sanitary protection during the night
[4] Menstrual flow that includes large blood clots
[5] Heavy menstrual flow that interferes with ............FOR FURTHER READING GO TO THIS LINK..........http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/that-heavy-menstruation-can-kill-any-woman-%e2%80%98%e2%80%99menorrhagia%e2%80%99%e2%80%99/#more-
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HOW TO STOP FIBROIDS FROM DESTROYING YOU, EVEN AT YOUR MATURE AGE

2010-01-19T20:06:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/the-scourge-of-fibroids/

THE SCOURGE OF FIBROIDS

Hi all,
This is Victor, I am a Consultant Clinical Specialist Sonographer, with over 15 years post qualification experiences, I have worked as a sonographer in Nigeria for over 14 years, I lived and worked in The Republic of Ireland [Europe] as a Specialist Sonographer
I have decided to start writing into my blogs to communicate with my entire community.

UTERINE FIBROIDS

Fibroids are common, benign growths of womb (uterine) muscle. They are present in around 1/4-5 of white women and 1/2 black women. They are most common toward the end of the reproductive years. They exist sometimes singly, but most often are multiple and range in size from microscopic to filling the whole of the lower abdomen! They are more common in obese women and those who have no children, there probably is some genetic determinant and they are less common in smokers.

Most fibroids do not cause symptoms, but overall symptomatic fibroids account for about one third of all hysterectomy operations.

Fibroids are named according to where they are found in your womb.

Intramural fibroids grow within the muscular wall of the womb.

Subserous fibroids grow from the outside wall of the womb into the pelvic cavity. They can become very large.

Submucous fibroids grow from the inner wall of the womb into the space inside the womb.

Pedunculated fibroids grow from the outside of your womb. These fibroids are almost free of the wall of your womb and are only attached by a narrow stalk.

Fibroids range from the size of a pinhead to up to 20cm across.

Fibroid growth is very slow and can be stimulated by hormones, especially oestrogen. A hormone is a chemical found naturally in your body. Fibroids tend to become smaller and reduce in number when oestrogen levels fall, such as after the menopause.

CAUSES

The reason why women get fibroids isn't known. Although oestrogen seems to make the fibroids grow, it's not thought to be responsible for their initial development.

You are more likely to get fibroids if you:

[1]are in your 30s or 40s
[2]are overweight
[3]are African-Caribbean - African-Caribbean women are three times more likely than white women to get fibroids
[4]have no children or had your last child at a young age
[5]have a family history of fibroids

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms relate to the location of the fibroids and its size. Important symptoms include abnormal gynaecologic haemorrhage[bleeding], heavy or/and painful periods, abdominal discomfort or bloating, back ache, urinary frequency or retention, and in some cases infertility. There may also be pain during intercourse depending on the location of the fibroids.
During pregnancy they maybe the cause of miscarriage, bleeding, premature labour, or interference with the position of the fetus.
Fibroids don't usually cause symptoms. However, you may get one or more of the symptoms listed below, often depending on where the fibroid is within your womb.

Heavy periods, sometimes leading to anaemia, can occur in up to a third of all women with fibroids.

Large fibroids can lead you to feeling some pain in your tummy (abdomen).

If the fibroid(s) is pressing on your bladder, you may need to pass urine more often than normal.

If the fibroid(s) is pressing on your rectum, it can cause constipation.

You can get severe pain if a fibroid growing on a stalk twists or if a fibroid outgrows its blood supply causing it to break down, but this is rare.

DIAGNOSIS

Fibroids are often diagnosed and discovered on pelvic examination, where the uterus feels larger than expected with hard round lumps felt arising from the surface. Ultrasound scan can tell where the fibroids are located and give an idea of their size. Sometimes they are detected on laparoscopy (looking into the abdomen with a small telescope) or hysteroscopy (looking into the uterus with a fine telescope). Hysteroscopy is particularly useful for seeing the submucous fibroids and assessing how much of the uterine cavity is involved.

COMPLICATIONS

FIBROIDS AND PREGNANCY

Most women with fibroids have a normal pregnancy and delivery. In around two-thirds of women, the fibroids stay at a constant size or shrink.

Submucosal fibroids can affect the shape and internal environment of the womb, which can make it more difficult to become pregnant.

Problems such as miscarriage, premature labour and bleeding can happen, but they are rare.

If you are pregnant and have fibroids, you should consider seeking specialist pregnancy care from an obstetrician (a doctor specialising in pregnancy and childbirth).
FIBROIDS AND CANCER

Fibroids very rarely become cancerous.

TREATMENT

If you don't have any symptoms, or if they are only mild, you don't need treatment.

If you are getting symptoms, there is a range of treatments available. Your doctor will explain which is most suitable for you.

[1] Medicines

There is no medicine that cures fibroids. However, hormone-based treatments can help relieve the symptoms.

Treatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues (GnRH analogues) can lower your oestrogen level. This usually shrinks the fibroids. GnRH analogues such as goserelin (eg Zoladex) or leuprolin acetate (eg Prostap SR) are often prescribed for three to four months before surgery (see Surgery) to make it easier to remove fibroids.

GnRH analogues can cause side-effects such as hot flushes and, long-term, osteoporosis (thinning of the bones). Therefore, you can only take GnRH analogues for a maximum of six months. Taking progestogen hormone replacement therapy or tibolone (Livial) at the same time reduces the chances that you will get side-effects.

[2]Non-surgical treatments

[a]Uterine artery embolisation (UAE)

This treatment blocks the blood supply to a fibroid, causing it to shrink. It's performed under a local anaesthetic, meaning that the feeling in the area will be completely blocked but you will stay awake during the operation.

UAE gives relief from symptoms such as bleeding and pain for at least two-thirds of women treated. Side-effects and complications with UAE are lower than with open surgery.

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) states that UAE is a relatively new treatment with uncertain long-term results. If you are considering UAE, please talk to your gynaecologist (a doctor specialising in identifying and treating conditions of the female organs).

[b] Endometrial ablation
An endometrial ablation is a procedure to remove the lining of your womb or an individual fibroid using laser energy or ultrasound. You can still get pregnant after an endometrial ablation.

[c] Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound [HIFU]

Surgery

There are a number of surgical options including those outlined below.

A myomectomy is an operation to remove fibroids leaving the womb in place. It may be done through cuts in the tummy or through your vagina using keyhole surgery. A myomectomy is usually only offered to women who prefer the option to become pregnant in the future.

A hysterectomy is a major operation to remove the entire womb, usually via a "bikini-line" cut in the tummy or, if the fibroids are not too large, via the vagina. It's not possible to get pregnant after a hysterectomy.

Sometimes it's possible for these operations to be performed by keyhole surgery.

Fibroids are very serious issues in Nigeria where I practiced for over 14years. Fibroids became a real issue in Nigeria after the death of ............FOR FURTHER READING GO TO THIS LINK...........http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/the-scourge-of-fibroids/
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JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

2010-01-09T14:41:00.000-08:00

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER WE ARE EXPERTS IN

ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES

[a]Pelvic Scans [Obstetrics and Gynaecology]
TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND SCAN,
FOLLICULOMETRY ULTRASOUND SCAN
[b] General Abdominal Scan --- Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas, Aorta, Bladder, etc...
[c] Small Parts Scans ---- Thyroid, Scrotum & Testes, Eye [Orbits], Breasts, Prostate, etc
[d] Musculoskeletal Scan -- Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, Hip, Knee, Ankle, etc...
[e] Colour Doppler Vascular Scans ------- Blood Vessel Scans--Carotids, DVT, Vascular Studies etc...
[f] 3D/4D Baby Scans
[g] SonoHysterography [SonoHSG]
[h] Chest Ultrasound Scan
[i] Emergency [FAST] Ultrasound Scan
[J]SonoMammography [Breast Ultrasound]
X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES
MAMMOGRAPHY [BREAST XRAY]
ECG SERVICES
FERTILITY SERVICES
LABORATORY SERVICES
[a] DNA Paternity Testing
[b] Clinical Chemistry
[c] Hormonal Profile and Special tests
[d] Hystocytopathology
[e] Blood Group Serology
[f] Microbiology
[g] Parasitology and other Tests
BLOOD BANKING SERVICES
HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES ETC……

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests ContactJOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX
We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
+2348033535729

EMAIL:
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

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HOW YOU CAN TELL IF YOU HAVE PELVIC INFECTION, AND PROTECT YOURSELF FROM HAVING INFERTILITY PROBLEMS IN THE FUTURE

2010-01-09T05:20:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/pelvic-inflammatory-disease-pid-problems-in-nigeria/#more-25

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE [PID] PROBLEMS

http://www.podomatic.com/media/details/2511087

So many young ladies in Nigeria suffers from pelvic infections, they show signs such as pelvic pains, abnormal vaginal discharge, and infertility.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the uterus (womb) and Fallopian tubes (and sometimes the ovaries too). The bacteria (germs) that cause the infection usually travel into the uterus from the vagina or cervix (neck of the uterus).

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF PID?
PID can be acute (a disease of rapid onset usually with severe symptoms), or chronic (a disease of long duration). Acute PID can be extremely painful, while chronic PID may cause only recurrent mild pain.
Symptoms can include:

[1]Pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen
[2]Heavy vaginal discharge with a strong unpleasant odour
[3]Irregular or heavy menstrual periods
[4]Pain during sexual intercourse
[5]Low back pain
[6]Flu-like symptoms such as fever, nausea and vomiting, general discomfort or fatigue
If you notice any of these symptoms, in either you or your female partner, seek medical advice.

PID AND INFERTILITY
PID is the most common cause of tubal factor infertility. The infection involves the upper genital tract (the uterus, the fallopian tubes and the ovaries) and structures around these organs.
The infection of the fallopian tube (salpingitis) is the most crucial element causing infertility. The fallopian tube is lined with special, ciliated cells that direct the egg toward the sperm and the fertilized egg into the uterine cavity. Infection can destroy these cells and distort and/or block the tube. The main bacterial culprits are Neisseria gonococcus (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). NG is directly kills the special cells; CT probably destroys cells through immunological mechanisms. With the infection, the tubes can become thickened, distorted and blocked. Abscesses can form between the tube and the ovary or in the adjacent pelvis, and can be life threatening. This condition requires prompt, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Interestingly, in about half of cases of tubal infertility secondary to PID, there is no history of acute infection. Chlamydia in particular can linger in the genital tract, causing ongoing subclinical damage. Chronic pelvic pain, infertility and ectopic pregnancy (where the pregnancy develops in the tube instead of the uterus) are the serious consequences of PID.

WHO IS MOST AT RISK OF CONTRACTING PID?

In theory, any woman can get PID. However the chances of you .............FOR FURTHER READING GO TO THIS LINK.............http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/pelvic-inflammatory-disease-pid-problems-in-nigeria/#more-
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21 WAYS TO CHECK IF YOU HAVE POOR PENIS ERECTION AND HOW YOU CAN OVERCOME IT

2009-12-07T11:23:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/07/21-ways-to-check-if-you-have-poor-penis-erection-and-how-you-can-overcome-it/
MALE IMPOTENCE AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

For many years I have always thought that male impotence or erectile dysfunction [ED] affects only old men, who have already enjoyed their youthful sex life and now there is need for retirement, just like menopause in older women.
I never thought men as young as 30 years or even younger could also suffer from ED.In our clinic , we have had to attend to so many men recently complaining of ED, this is worrying, but not as worrying as this young man’s case.
He came into my office, sat in front of me, and only asked for my patience for him to narrate his ordeal. Truely to his request, I had to make a great effort to sit still for one hour to listen to his long sorrowful story.
I will abbreviate, he told me that he had always enjoyed his sex life from his college days, until he contracted venereal disease. After the successful treatment, he noticed that he does not always keep a strong erection, after some years he could not even keep an erection at all. He went to different hospitals , both orthodox and unorthodox, to seek help, but to no avail.
In fear of not embarrassing himself, he tried to avoid marriage, but as an African , if he is not married, tongues will start wagging. So he took this young beautiful lady to the alter, and got married.
Unfortunately, he could not even get his weak penis into his young pretty wife’s inviting vagina. After one year of tolerating him and the sexless marriage, the young lady ran away.

Sexual impotence is perhaps the most poorly understood and mismanaged of all medical disorders.

Two factors are responsible for this unfortunate state of affairs.

1. Ignorance, myths, superstition, guilt and the stigma and taboo attached to anything sexual in the minds of the people.

2. Abysmal sexual ignorance : on account of which people continue to believe that impotence is something that is largely psychological in origin.

These two factors explain why most cases of impotence do not come to light and why the few that do are grossly mismanaged. It is not surprising, therefore, that the general impression is that impotence is something largely incurable.This is unfortunate because not only are most cases of impotence NOT psychological in origin but most are EMINENTLY CURABLE as well.

WHAT IS ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) means that you cannot get and/or maintain an erection. In some cases the penis becomes partly erect, but not hard enough to have sex properly. In some cases, there is no swelling or fullness of the penis at all. ED is sometimes called impotence.

HOW COMMON IS ERECTLE DYSFUNCTION?

Most men have odd times when they cannot get an erection. For example, you may not get an erection so easily if you are tired, stressed, distracted, or have drunk too much alcohol. For most men it is only temporary, and an erection occurs most times when you are sexually aroused.
However, some men have persistent, or recurring, ED. It can occur at any age, but becomes more common with increasing age. About half of men between the age of 40 and 70 have ED. About 7 in 10 men aged 70 and above have ED.Contrary to popular belief, impotence is almost never an 'all or none' phenomenon. Most laymen (and several doctors) believe that a man can either have an erection of very good quality or none at all. Nothing can be farther from the truth. Most men with erectile dysfunction have normal desire and can obtain an erection, only the erection is not hard enough or doesn't last long enough, Hence the term erectile dysfunction (which suggests partial loss) is preferred to impotence (which suggests a total loss). Not many are aware that in most cases organic rather than psychological causes are responsible.

WHAT IS AN ERECTION?

A man gets an erection when the penis enlarges and stiffens.It is a complex process that happens as a result of changes within the muscles, nerves and blood vessels of the penis.The regulation of blood flow into and out of the penis is what makes an erection possible.

1. Specialised tissues in the shaft of the penis trap blood. This increases the pressure within the penis and causes it to lengthen and then become firm.

2. Following orgasm or the withdrawal of sexual stimulation, the process is reversed. Blood flows out of the penis and back into your circulation so the penis becomes soft.

THE ANATOMY OF THE PENIS

Each corpus cavernosum runs from the base of the glans along the length of the penis.Cross-section of the penis showing the position of the corpora cavernosa.Corpora cavernosa: two cylindrical tissues run the length of either side of the penis. Like sponges, they are capable of filling with blood. When the penis is soft, the muscle fibres in the corpora are contracted.Tunica: a tough outer sheath that surrounds the corpora and limits the amount they can expand. As the tunica becomes tight, blood flowing into the penis raises the pressure within it, making it hard.Corpus spongeosum: a third cylinder of tissue between the two corpora. This contains the urethra, through which urine and semen pass out of the body. It thickens towards the tip of the penis to form the helmet-shaped glans, which is covered by foreskin in uncircumcised men.

HOW AN ERECTION HAPPENS

1. Touch, sights, sounds, erotic memories, fantasies etc, cause sexual excitement.

2. These stimuli increase signal output from a part of the brain called the para-ventricular nucleus.

3. These signals then pass through special autonomic nerves in the spinal cord, the pelvic nerves and the cavernous nerves that run along the prostate gland to reach the corpora cavernosa and the arteries that supply them with blood.

4. In response to these signals, the muscle fibres in the corpora relax, allowing blood to fill the spaces between them.

5. Muscle fibres in the arteries that supply the penis also relax, and there is an eight-fold increase in blood flow to the penis. The increased blood flow expands the corpora, then stretches the surrounding sheath (the tunica).

6. As the tunica stretches, it blocks off the veins that take blood away from the corpora cavernosa. This traps blood within the penis, the pressure becomes very high and the penis becomes erect.

7. During an erection pressure in the penis is at least twice the pressure of blood in the main circulation. This is possible because the muscles of the pelvic floor contract around the base of the corpora cavernosa.

8. At orgasm, the signalling from the brain changes dramatically. There is a sudden increase in noradrenaline production from nerves in the genitalia. This seems to both trigger orgasm and contract the muscle fibres in the corpora cavernosa and their supplying arteries.

9. The pressure within the corpora drops, which also relaxes the tunica and so allows blood to flow out of the penis. The inability to get or sustain an erection can happen as a result of one or more of these processes breaking down. Fortunately, there are treatments available for erectile dysfunction.

CAUSES OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

There are several causes which tend to be grouped into 'physical' and 'psychological'.

PHYSICAL CAUSES
About 8 in 10 cases of ED are due to a physical cause. If the ED is due to a physical cause, you are likely to still have a normal sex drive (libido). Causes include:

[1] Reduced blood flow to the penis. Like in other parts of the body, the arteries which take blood to the penis can become narrowed. The blood flow may then not be enough to cause an erection. 'Risk factors' can increase your chance of 'narrowing of the arteries'. These include: getting older; high blood pressure; high cholesterol; smoking; diabetes.

[2] Diseases which affect the nerves going to the penis. For example, multiple sclerosis, a stroke, etc.

[3] Diabetes. This is one of the commonest causes of ED. Diabetes can affect blood vessels and nerves.

[4] Injury to the nerves going to the penis. For example, spinal injury, following surgery to nearby structures, fractured pelvis, radiotherapy to the genital area, etc.

[5] Side-effect of certain medicines. The most common are: some antidepressants; betablockers such as propranolol, atenolol etc; some diuretics ('water tablets'); cimetidine. Many other less commonly used tablets sometimes cause ED.

[6] Alcohol and drug abuse.

[7] Cycling. ED after long distance cycling is thought to be common. It is probably due to pressure on the nerves going to the penis from sitting on the saddle for long periods. This may affect the function of the nerve after the ride.

[8] Hormone causes . For example, a lack of a hormone called testosterone which is made in the testes.

[9] Excessive outflow of blood from the penis through ...............FOR FURTHER READING GO TO THIS LINK..............................http://www.joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/07/21-ways-to-check-if-you-have-poor-penis-erection-and-how-you-can-overcome-it/

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7 SECRETS OF PAINFUL SEX, AND HOW YOU CAN OVERCOME THEM

2009-11-25T22:03:00.000-08:00

http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/41/
PAINFUL SEX PROBLEMS
When a woman feels pain while having sexual intercourse, it is called dyspareunia. Painful sex is fairly common. Nearly 2 out of 3 women have it at some time during their lives. The pain can range from very mild to severe.
Pain during sex is a sign there may be a problem. Talk to your doctor about the pain so that the cause can be found and treated as soon as possible. Proper treatment can help you enjoy your sex life.
Dyspareunia is painful sexual intercourse, due to medical or psychological causes. The symptom is reported almost exclusively by women, although the problem can also occur in men. The causes are often reversible, even when long-standing, but self-perpetuating pain is a factor after the original cause has been removed.

CAUSESWhat causes pain during sexual intercourse?

The quality of your sex life is important at every age. One problem that can be hard to talk about is painful sex. The pain can be at the opening of the vagina and vulva, inside the vagina, or deeper in the pelvic area. Sex should never be painful. When it is, it means that something is wrong. In many cases, simple things such as a lack of natural lubrication in the vagina or an awkward position can be the cause. There are many physical and emotional factors that can cause painful intercourse.
You may feel pain at the opening of your vagina or in the vulva, which is the area around the vaginal opening. Even a gentle touch in this area may cause pain. The pain can be caused by:

[1]infection
[2]irritation from soaps, spermicides, or other chemicals
[3]a problem called vulvar dystrophy, which is a thinning or thickening of the skin of the vulva

Pain during sex can be caused by vaginal dryness. Possible causes of vaginal dryness are:

[1]a lack of natural moisture resulting from not enough foreplay
[2]hormonal changes such as those that happen during breast-feeding or during or after menopause
[3]psychological factors that affect your level of sexual arousal

Examples of other problems that can cause pain in the vaginal or vulvar area are:

[1]Bartholin's gland cyst, a swelling of a gland near the opening of the vagina
[2]scarring of tissues from a pelvic infection, childbirth, or vaginal or pelvic surgery
[3]injury to the vaginal area

Sometimes the muscles at the opening of the vagina tighten because of spasms. The muscle tightening can make the vaginal opening smaller. It may even close the opening. This condition is called vaginismus. It causes pain and the penis may not be able to enter the vagina. Psychological factors such as a fear of intercourse, fear of getting pregnant, or fear of being hurt may cause the vaginal muscles to tighten.

You may feel pain deep inside your vagina during sexual intercourse. This can be caused by problems such as:

[1]movements that are too forceful
[2]bladder that is too full
[3]infection of the bladder, vagina, or pelvis
[4]growths in the uterus called fibroids
[5]ovarian cysts (fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary)
[6]endometriosis, an abnormal growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus
[7]prolapsed (fallen) uterus, meaning the uterus has moved from its normal position down into your vagina
[8]tipped uterus (the uterus is tipped backward and downward)
[9]scarring of tissues from a pelvic infection
[10]injury to the vagina from childbirth, rape, or sexual abuse.

A number of conditions may cause pain and / or discomfort during sexual intercourse. These conditions include:
[1] Vaginal dryness
[2] Inadequate foreplay
[3] Poor sexual technique
[4] Sexual anxiety
[5] Menopause
[6 ]Perimenopause
[7] Recent childbirth - due to both reduced libido and physical vaginal injuries or stretching.
[8] Lactaton - the requirements of breastfeeding causes vaginal dryness from reduced hormone levels.

Some other physical medical disorder causes of intercourse pain in women include:
[1]Vaginal injury - such as a bruised vagina from many possible causes (such as from a previous episode of painful or forceful intercourse)
[2] Pregnancy
[3] Post-childbirth - many women experience intercourse pain while the vagina recovers from childbirth changes.
[4]Episiotomy - if this procedure is performed for childbirth, this can cause painful intercourse.
[5] Vaginal infection
[6] Cystitis
[7] Urethritis
[8] Vulva infection
[9] Skin condition
[10] Atrophic vaginitis
[11] Vaginal abnormality
[12] Vestigial vagina
[13] Vaginal changes from childbirth
[14] Narrow vaginal
[15] Thick hymen
[16] Endometriosis
[17] Hemorrhoids

SOME DEFINITIONS[1] VAGINAL INFECTION
Certain vaginal infections such as vaginal yeast infections and trichomoniasis are often present without noticeable symptoms. However during sexual intercourse, the rubbing motion of the penis against the vagina and genitalia sometimes causes the symptoms of these vaginal infections to intensify causing stinging and burning. Genital herpes sores are another frequent cause of pain during sex.

[2] VAGINAL IRRITATION
Many products contain irritants which can cause vaginal irritation leading to discomfort or pain during vaginal sexual intercourse. These include:
[a]Any contraceptive foams, creams, or jellies
[b]Allergic reactions to condoms, diaphragms, or latex gloves
[c]Vaginal deodorant sprays
[d]Scented tampons
[e]Deodorant soaps
[f]Laundry detergents in sensitive individuals
[g]Excessive vaginal douching

[3] VAGINAL DRYNESS
Vaginal dryness often causes painful sexual intercourse. Normal vaginal lubrication is ..........FOR FURTHER READING GO TO THIS LINK..........http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/03/41/
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TRANSVAGINAL SCAN AND FEMALE INFERTILITY IN NIGERIA

2009-11-25T03:24:00.000-08:00

TRANSVAGINAL SCAN AND FEMALE INFERTILITY IN NIGERIA

FEMALE INFERTILITY
Infertility in a couple that relates to factors associated with the woman rather than the man.
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
Many women trying to conceive for the first time panic if their periods continue for even three or four months. But the standard definition of infertility is unsuccessful conception after an entire year of unprotected intercourse. At that point, a couple should seek a comprehensive examination that includes menstrual and pregnancy history, semen analysis, ovulation tests, and sometimes a laparoscopy to detect endometriosis or pelvic adhesions. Such testing determines the causes of infertility in 70 to 85 percent of all couples.

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
Many factors may account for infertility: abnormalities of the uterus (such as fibroids); ovarian dysfunction; endometriosis; scar tissue from previous surgery; thyroid problems or other hormonal imbalances; sexually transmitted diseases or other infections in the man or woman; and a low sperm count.
Female reproductive problems account for 40 percent of all infertility cases; male reproductive problems account for another 40 percent; and 20 percent of the time physicians cannot determine precisely what is wrong.

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES THAT ASSIST FERTILITY

UTERINE EVALUATION
The uterus (womb) is lined by a specialized layer of cells called the endometrium. It is on this lining that embryos implant and begin to develop in pregnancy. It is critical to thoroughly evaluate the uterine cavity for potential defects or obstacles to implantation of the embryo. Examples of such include uterine scar tissue (from previous pregnancies or procedures), polyps (benign glandular growths), fibroids, or other structural defects in the uterus.

TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION
Ultrasound, or sonography, involves sending sound waves into the body. These sound waves are reflected off the internal organs, and the reflections are then recorded by special instruments that create an image of the organs. No ionizing radiation (X-ray) is involved in ultrasound imaging.
This is an ultrasound examination performed by placing a probe (medical camera) into the vagina. A transvaginal ultrasound provides images that are much more clear than those obtained by placing the probe on the abdominal wall. This examination may be performed at the onset of your menstrual cycle on Day 2, 3, or 4 or it may be performed midcycle. Midcycle examinations (performed when the lining is at its thickest point) may provide more information about the quality and integrity of the endometrial cavity.
This test, which may also be performed on any day of the menstrual cycle, provides information on the overall size and volume of the ovaries. It also enables your physician to obtain an antral follicle count. Antral follicles are small (<10 mm) egg sacs within the ovary that may be capable of developing during the upcoming menstrual cycle. The finding of four or more antral follicles suggests the presence of normal “ovarian reserve”, ie. a reasonable number of oocytes present within the ovary and a better prognosis for subsequent fertility.
With transvaginal ultrasound, the ultrasound transducer (a hand-held probe) is inserted directly into the vagina. Transvaginal ultrasound is most commonly used to examine the uterus and ovaries and to monitor the health and development of the embryo during pregnancy. Ultrasound images can help to identify palpable masses such as ovarian cysts and fibroids, as well as ovarian or uterine cancers. IVF cycling patients are checked regularly with a transvaginal ultrasound to monitor the size and number of developing follicles.
Transvaginal ultrasound is performed very much like a gynecologic exam. The tip of the transducer is smaller than a gynecologic speculum. A protective cover lubricated with gel is placed over the transducer, which is then inserted into the vagina. Only two to three inches of the transducer end are inserted into the vagina. The images are obtained from different orientations to get the best views of the uterus and ovaries.

FALLOPIAN TUBE EVALUATION
Issues with the fallopian tubes account for approximately 30% of female infertility problems. Common problems result from tubal blockage or scarring from previous, sometimes undiagnosed, pelvic infection. Other conditions, such as abdominal infections like appendicitis, prior surgeries, prior ectopic pregnancy, or endometriosis may also lead to fallopian tube damage. Tubal blockage or scarring may occur from previous pelvic or abdominal infection, pelvic surgery, ectopic pregnancy, or endometriosis. Prior tubal ligation (tying of the tubes) for contraception would also prevent the tubes from functioning normally.

HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY (HSG)
Hysterosalpingogram is a procedure in which radiographic contrast (dye) is injected into the uterine cavity through the vagina and cervix and X-ray pictures are taken as the dye is expelled from your reproductive system. The uterine cavity fills with dye, and if the fallopian tubes are open, the dye will then fill the tubes and spill out into the abdominal cavity. In this way we can determine whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked and whether the blockage is located at the junction of the tube and the uterus (proximal) or whether it is at the end of the fallopian tube (distal).
If a blockage is detected, we will discuss with you effective treatments for tubal factor infertility.
Your HSG can also give us a better picture of the uterine cavity and detect the presence of polyps, fibroids, or scar tissue. The fallopian tubes can also be examined for defects within the tube or suggestion of a partial blockage.
The hysterosalpingogram takes only about 20 minutes to perform. During the procedure you are likely to experience some mild cramping, so you may wish to ask your doctor about taking pain medication such as Tylenol or Ibuprofen a half hour prior to the HSG . The test involves the following steps:

[1]The specialist places a speculum in the vagina and examines the cervix. Your cervix is cleaned with an antibacterial soap.
[2]A clamp may be attached onto your cervix to hold it steady. A small, bendable plastic tube is gently pushed through the opening of your cervix into your uterus, and a tiny balloon on the end of the tube is filled with air to hold it temporarily in place.
[3]The speculum is removed but the thin tube will be left in place, with one end (about 6 inches of tubing) remaining outside of your vagina.
[4]A small amount of contrast dye is injected through the tube into your uterus, and several X-ray pictures are taken. Your doctor may ask you to move your pelvis slightly or roll from side to side to provide the clearest view of your uterus. You may experience some uterine cramping as the contrast dye goes into the tube.
[5]The procedure is now complete. The balloon will be emptied of air from the outside and the tube will be gently pulled out.

After the procedure, your doctor will review the X-ray pictures and discuss the results of the hysterosalpingogram with you.
You may experience slight vaginal bleeding and cramping after the procedure, and some sticky vaginal discharge as some of the gel and fluid drains out. A pad can be used for the vaginal discharge. Do not use a tampon.
Pregnancy rates in several studies have been reported to be slightly increased in the first months following a hysterosalpingogram. This may be due to the flushing of the tubes with the contrast, which could open a minor blockage or clean out some debris that may be hindering conception.

TREATMENT OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
The treatment of infertility has made enormous progress in the last decade as a result of advances in assisted reproductive technology, or ART. This technology combines the use of fertility drugs - hormonal therapy - with artificial insemination using any of a group of techniques: intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), or oocyte (egg) donation.
Intrauterine insemination (IUI): In this procedure, a small amount of concentrated sperm, first "washed" to remove most of the seminal plasma that surrounds it, is placed in the uterus through a thin plastic catheter that is passed through the vagina and cervix. Usually painless, the IUI procedure takes only a few minutes to accomplish.
IUI is almost always used in combination with a fertility drug - clomiphene or Pergonal - to stimulate ovulation followed by an HCG injection to trigger the release of an egg. The timing of the IUI is determined with the help of vaginal ultrasound, previous cycle lengths, BBT temperature graphs, or urinary LH correlation kits.

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc. For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.

Regards
Dr. Victor Efughi
Consultant Clinical Specialist Sonographer

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.
We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
+23418112054
+2348023069403
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EMAIL:
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7 WAYS TO KNOW IF YOUR VAGINAL DISCHARGE IS DANGEROUS AND HOW TO PREVENT IT FROM DESTROYING YOUR FALLOPIAN TUBES

2009-11-09T12:50:00.000-08:00

PROBLEMS OF VAGINAL DISCHARGE http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/07/7-ways-to-know-if-your-vaginal-discharge-is-dangerous-and-how-to-prevent-it-from-destroying-your-fallopian-tubes/
Ladies, must pay attention to this advice, especially if you wish to become pregnant someday. Pay attention to any possible vaginal infection you may have. I know, this is something we do not want to discuss. If the symptoms are not too severe, we put it down to a possible yeast infection and wait it out, praying it will quickly cure itself. In the process, we may use some over the counter remedies. But what we should be doing is seeing a doctor.Why? Infections in the vaginal region can be serious. They can lead to long term problems such as infertility issues later in life. They can make it difficult to become pregnant and they may cause complications to occur once you do become pregnant. They can even signal that you are infected with a possible STD (sexually transmitted disease).

A discharge is a fluid released from a hollow space like the vagina. The
vagina is a tube 8-12 cm long. It opens at the lips of the vulva and is closed
at the inner end by the cervix (the opening of the uterus or womb). Wetness in
the vagina is produced by mucus from the cervix and from the vaginal wall
during sexual arousal. Many different bacteria, yeasts and parasites
(microscopic forms of life or ‘bugs’) live normally in the vagina without causing
symptoms. The vagina is usually acidic because the normal bacteria produce
lactic acid. Normal bacteria help the vagina protect itself from the kinds of
bacteria that cause disease. Candida (yeast) can live in the vagina in low
numbers without causing any symptoms.
Vaginal discharge [or Discharge from the vagina] refers to secretions from the vagina . Such discharge can vary in:
[A]Consistency (thick, pasty, thin)
[B]Color (clear, cloudy)
[C]Smell (normal, odorless, bad odor)

Having some amount of vaginal discharge is normal, especially if you are of childbearing age. Glands in the cervix produce a clear mucus. These secretions may turn white or yellow when exposed to the air. These are normal variations.
The amount of mucus produced by the cervical glands varies throughout the menstrual cycle. This is normal and depends on the amount of estrogen circulating in your body. It is also normal for the walls of the vagina to release some secretions. The amount depends on hormone levels in the body.
Vaginal discharge that suddenly differs in color, odor, or consistency, or significantly increases or decreases in amount, may indicate an underlying problem like an infection.

CAUSES
The following situations can increase the amount of normal vaginal discharge:
[1]Emotional stress
[2]Ovulation (the production and release of an egg from your ovary in the middle of your menstrual cycle)
[3]Pregnancy
[4]Sexual excitement

ABNORMAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE
Unusual mucus or other substances coming from the vagina is a common problem. The discharge is often due to infection, and frequently associated with pain, burning, itching, and painful urination. Not all infections are sexually transmitted, so don't assume that vaginal discharge means that you have an STD. There are a number of possible causes:
Inflammation of the vagina. Called vaginitis, this is the most common reason for discharges and is usually caused by infection. There are three main types of vaginal infections, all of which can be treated with oral or vaginal medications. Each infection tends to produce a distinct discharge:
[a] Thick, white cottage cheese-like discharge, itching, irritated skin—yeast infection, or candidiasis. Women with diabetes and those taking antibiotics are more likely to develop this type of infection. Most women will have at least one yeast infection at some point in their lives.
[b] Thin, yellow, foul-smelling discharge—Trichomonas, which is usually transmitted sexually.
[c] Thin, gray or white, foul-smelling discharge—bacterial vaginosis.
[d] Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Frequently caused by STDs that infect the cervix, uterus, ovaries, or fallopian tubes, this is the most common and serious complication of an STD and occurs in 1 million women every year. Symptoms include vaginal discharge or bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and fever. Chronic PID can result from one or more infections. The most common identifiable causes are gonorrhea or chlamydia, both of which are sexually transmitted. About 20 percent of women with PID become infertile.

[e] Genital herpes. This infection can produce vaginal discharge if it affects the cervix. The first episode of genital herpes also features fever, itching, headache, and general muscle aches.
[f] Infection of the inside of the uterus. This condition, known as endometritis, is usually caused by STDs, fibroid tumors, cancer, giving birth, or intrauterine devices (IUDs).
[g] Inflammation of the vagina due to lack of estrogen. As a woman enters menopause, her body produces increasingly erratic amounts of estrogen. This often causes the vagina to dry out and become irritated. The condition is known as atrophic vaginitis and is treatable by estrogen replacement therapy, vaginal creams, and vaginal suppositories.
[h] Other, less common causes of vaginal discharge include pregnancy, genital warts, cancer, and foreign objects in the vagina, such as a tampon that could not be removed.

Your doctor will ask you about the type of discharge and whether it occurs immediately before, after, or during menstruation or sexual activity. You should also expect to undergo a pelvic exam.

Normal discharge doesn't smell, and does not cause any irritation or itching.
A discharge is likely to be abnormal if:
[1] it smells fishy
[2] it's thick and white, like cottage cheese
[3] it's greenish and smells foul
[4] there's blood in it (except when you have a period)
[5] it's itchy
[6] you have any genital sores or ulcers
[7] you have abdominal pain or pain on intercourse
[8] it started soon after you had unprotected sex with someone you suspect could have a sexually transmitted disease.

POSSIBLE CAUSES
[1]Bacterial vaginosis -- Bacteria that normally live in the vagina overgrow, causing a grey discharge and fishy odor that worsen after sexual intercourse. Bacterial Vaginosis is usually not sexually transmitted.
[2]Cervical or vaginal cancer (rarely a cause of excess discharge)
[3]Chlamydia

[4]Forgotten tampon or foreign body
[5]Gonorrhea
[6]Other infections and sexually transmitted diseases
[7]Trichomoniasis
[8]Vaginal yeast infection

PREVENTION
[1]Keep your genital area clean and dry.
[2]Avoid douching. While many women feel cleaner if they douche after menstruation or intercourse, it may actually worsen vaginal discharge because it removes healthy bacteria lining the...............FOR FURTHER READING GO TO THIS LINK............... http://joasmedical.com/main/2010/02/07/7-ways-to-know-if-your-vaginal-discharge-is-dangerous-and-how-to-prevent-it-from-destroying-your-fallopian-tubes/

RESUME OF VICTOR CHUKWULENYE EFUGHI

2009-11-07T23:34:00.000-08:00

RESUME OF VICTOR CHUKWULENYE EFUGHI

PERSONAL DATA

SURNAME: EFUGHI

OTHER NAMES: VICTOR CHUKWULENYE

COUNTRY: NIGERIA

DATE OF BIRTH: 29TH JANUARY 1970

PLACE OF BIRTH: ABIA STATE

SEX: MALE

HOME TOWN: UMUAHIA

NATIONALITY: NIGERIA

RELIGION: CHRISTIAN

STATE OF ORIGIN: ABIA STATE

LOCAL GOVERNMENT: UMUAHIA NORTH

CONTACT ADDRESS:

JOAS HOUSE, 2 OKESUNA STREET, OFF IKOTUN-ISOLO ROAD, OPPOSITE THE SYNAGOGUE CHURCH, SYNAGOGUE CHURCH BUS/STOP,

BOLORUNPELU, IKOTUN, LAGOS, NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA.

NEXT OF KIN: MRS NKECHI EFUGHI [wife]

TELEPHONE NUMBER: +2348023069403, +23418112054

EMAIL ADDRESS: victorefughi@yahoo.com

PROFESSION: MEDICAL RADIOGRAPHER-SONOGRAPHER

QUALIFICATIONS

Meticulous accomplished medical radiographer with comprehensive experience in medical sonography (especially in areas of Obstetrics and Gynaecology[Pelvic] , Upper Abdominal, Small Parts, Breast, Vascular ,Musculoskeletal Sonography and administration, in hospitals and private imaging centres in Nigeria and Europe [Republic of Ireland].

Excellent communicator who is fluent in english, possesses working knowledge of over 14 years, strong team-working and multi-tasking skills, successfully completes examinations within short time and accuracy with great consideration to patient care and welfare.

Willing to relocate

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE/ ACHIEVEMENTS

[A] CAREWAY HOSPITAL, Egbeda, Lagos, Nigeria 1995 – 2001

POSITION: Radiographer-Sonographer

[1] Operate X-ray, radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, to produce radiographs or anatomic images of the human body for the diagnosis by radiologists of disease or injury.

[2] Record and process patient data

[3] Perform basic verification and quality control checks on radiographic and film processing equipment

[4] Provide appropriate care for the patient during the radiographic examination

[5] Apply radiation protection measures

[7] Operate ultrasound imaging equipment that transmits high frequency sound pulses through the body to produce images of those parts of the body requiring examination

[8] Monitor examination by viewing images on video screen, to evaluate quality and consistency of diagnostic images, and make adjustments to equipment, as required

[9] Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure patient safety and comfort

[10]Proficiency in abdominal, obestrical, and gynecology ultrasound scan.

[11]Analyse sonograms, synthesize sonographic information and medical history, and communicate findings to the appropriate Radiologist.

[B] JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria 2001 -- 2008

POSITION: Senior Radiographer-Sonographer

[1] Operate X-ray, radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, to produce radiographs or anatomic images of the human body for the diagnosis by radiologists of disease or injury.

[2] Record and process patient data

[3] Perform basic verification and quality control checks on radiographic and film processing equipment

[4] Provide appropriate care for the patient during the radiographic examination

[5] Apply radiation protection measures

[6] Train and supervise student radiographers or supervise other radiological technologists.

[7] Operate ultrasound imaging equipment that transmits high frequency sound pulses through the body to produce images of those parts of the body requiring examination

[8] Monitor examination by viewing images on video screen, to evaluate quality and consistency of diagnostic images, and make adjustments to equipment, as required

[9] Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure patient safety and comfort

[10]Proficiency in abdominal, obestrical, gynecology , breast and small part ultrasound scan.

[11]Analyse sonograms, synthesize sonographic information and medical history, and communicate findings to the appropriate Radiologist.

[C] GLOBAL DIAGNOSTICS IRELAND LTD, Dublin Ireland 14 Feb 2008 – 24 July 2009

POSITION: Senior Radiographer-Sonographer

[1] Operate X-ray, radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, to produce radiographs or anatomic images of the human body for the diagnosis by radiologists of disease or injury.

[2] Record and process patient data

[3] Perform basic verification and quality control checks on radiographic and film processing equipment

[4] Provide appropriate care for the patient during the radiographic examination

[5] Apply radiation protection measures

[6] Operate ultrasound imaging equipment that transmits high frequency sound pulses through the body to produce images of those parts of the body requiring examination

[7] Monitor examination by viewing images on video screen, to evaluate quality and consistency of diagnostic images, and make adjustments to equipment, as required

[8] Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure patient safety and comfort.

[9] Perform quality control checks on ultrasound equipment to ensure proper operation and perform minor repairs and adjustments .

[10] Supervise and train student and other medical sonographers.

[11]Proficiency in abdominal, obestrical/gynecology, small parts , breast, vascular and Musculoskeletal sonography .

[12]Perform all requested sonographic examinations in a RIS/PACS environment.

[13]Use cognitive sonographic skills to identify, record, and adapt procedures as appropriate to anatomical and pathological diagnostic information and images.

[14]Use independent judgment during the sonographic exam to accurately differentiate between normal and pathologic findings.

[15]Analyse sonograms, synthesize sonographic information and medical history, and communicate findings to the appropriate Radiologist.

[16]Prepare preliminary reports and transmit them to the radiologist.

[D] JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria , August 2009 --- till date.

POSITION: Consultant Clinical Specialist Radiographer [Ultrasounds]

[1] Operate X-ray, radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, to produce radiographs or anatomic images of the human body for the diagnosis by radiologists of disease or injury.

[2] Record and process patient data

[3] Perform basic verification and quality control checks on radiographic and film processing equipment

[4] Provide appropriate care for the patient during the radiographic examination

[5] Apply radiation protection measures

[6] Train and supervise student radiographers or supervise other radiological technologists.

[7] Operate ultrasound imaging equipment that transmits high frequency sound pulses through the body to produce images of those parts of the body requiring examination

[8] Monitor examination by viewing images on video screen, to evaluate quality and consistency of diagnostic images, and make adjustments to equipment, as required

[9] Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure patient safety and comfort.

[10] Perform quality control checks on ultrasound equipment to ensure proper operation and perform minor repairs and adjustments .

[11] Supervise and train student and other medical sonographers.

[12]Proficiency in abdominal, obestrical/gynecology, small parts , breast, vascular and Musculoskeletal sonography .

[13]Perform all requested sonographic examinations in a RIS/PACS environment.

[14]Use cognitive sonographic skills to identify, record, and adapt procedures as appropriate to anatomical and pathological diagnostic information and images.

[15]Use independent judgment during the sonographic exam to accurately differentiate between normal and pathologic findings.

[16]Analyse sonograms, synthesize sonographic information and medical history, and communicate findings to the appropriate Radiologist.

[17]Prepare preliminary reports and transmit them to the radiologist.

EDUCATION

1 ] LUDES UNIVERSITY, Lugano Switzerland

Executive MSc , Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound 2009

2] QUEEN MARGARET UNIVERSITY, Edinburgh Scotland [UK]

BSc Medical Radiography 2009

3] INSTITUTE OF RADIOGRAPHY [RADIOGRAPHERS REGISTRATION BOARD OF NIGERIA] Yaba Lagos Nigeria

Pg[Certificate] in Computerized Axial Tomography 2006

4] INSTITUTE OF RADIOGRAPHY [RADIOGRAPHERS REGISTRATION BOARD OF NIGERIA] Yaba Lagos Nigeria

Pg[Diploma] in Ultrasonography 2005

5] AKI-OLU MEDICAL CONSULT/ANNAS SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, Agbado, Lagos, Nigeria

Pg[Certificate] in Ultrasonography 1994

6] FEDERAL SCHOOL OF RADIOGRAPHY, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria

Diploma in Medical Radiography 1994

7] AJEROMI IFELODUN HIGH SCHOOL

West Africa Examination Council (Equivalent to G.C.E. ‘O’ Level) 1987

8] LOCAL AUTHORITY PRIMARY SCHOOL

First School Leaving Certificate (G2) 1982

INTERNATIONAL ACCREDITATION AND VALIDATION

I am Registered/Validated to practice in The Republic of Ireland as a Medical Diagnostic Radiographer by The Department of Health And Children, with REF: S423/92 of 23rd February 2005

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION

SEMINARS/CONFERENCES/WORKSHOPS/COURSES ATTENDED

1] 36th Annual Conference/Scientific Workshop of the Association of Radiographers of Nigeria, held in Lagos Nigeria from the 19nd – 22nd November 2003.

2] One week intensive Pattern Recognition Course, organised by The Institute Of Radiographers of Nigeria,held in Enugu Nigeria, from the 5th – 9th September 2005.

3] 2 Day Management Workshop for Chief and Director- Grade Radiographers, organised by The Institute of Radiographers of Nigeria, held in Lagos Nigeria, from the 14th – 15th July 2005.

4] 11th Congress of The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, held in Seoul South Korea, from May 28 – June 1 2006.

5]16th Annual Conference of The Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Society, held in Seoul South Korea, from May 27 – 28 2006.

6] 39th Annual Conference/Scientific Workshop of The Association of Radiographers of Nigeria, held in Enugu Nigeria, from the 22nd – 25th November 2006.

7] The Fetal Medicine Foundation Theoretical Course in Ultrasound Examination at 11 – 14 weeks gestation, held in Cairo Egypt, on 5th May 2007.

8]Intensive Course in Abdominal and Prostate Ultrasound , organised by Jefferson Ultrasound Research and Educational Institute/Centre for Ultrasound Research and Education, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, held in Lagos Nigeria, from 25th – 30th June 2007.

9]7th Middle East Imaging and Diagnostic Conference, organised by Arab Health/The American Academy of Continuing Medical Education, held in Dubai UAE, from the 28th –31 January 2007.

10]CPR PRO for The Professional Rescuer Course, organised by The Department of Health and Safety Division --- IBC, held in Dubai UAE, on the 2nd November 2007

11] Four weeks full time course in Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound , held at The Afro-Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore Pakistan , from the 3rd – 30th November 2007.

12] Advanced Course in Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynaecology , held in KASR EL AINI Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo Egypt, from 2nd – 3rd May 2007.

13] Transthoracic Echocardiography Ultrasound Course , organised by LUDWIG-MAXIMILIAN UNIVERSITY MUNCHEN[LMU MUNICH MEDICAL INTERNATIONAL] ULTRASOUND TRAINING ACADEMY DUBAI/HAVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL DUBAI CENTRE, Dubai UAE, from October 29th – November 1 2007.

14] The Fetal Medicine, Cairo 2007 International Congress, held in Cairo Egypt, from 4th – 7th May 2007

15] Second Trimester Fetal Medicine Foundation/ISUOG Course, held in Cairo Egypt, from the 4th – 7th May 2007.

16] Fetal Echocardiography ISUOG Course, held in Cairo Egypt, on 7th May 2007.

LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL MEMBERSHIP

Association of Radiographers of Nigeria

The Medical Ultrasound Practitioners Of Nigeria

American Institute of Ultrasound In Medicine

British Medical Ultrasound Society

World Federation Of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology

International Society of Radiographers and Radiologic Technologist

Afro-Asian Association of Ultrasound

REFEREES

1] MR. SUNDAY IDOWU

GENERAL MANAGER

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS HOUSE, 2 Okesuna Street,

Off Ikotun-Isolo Road,

Opposite The Synagogue Church Busstop,

Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica

TEL: 23418112054

2] PROF. DR. SYED AMIR GILANI

Afro-Asian Institute of Medical Sciences

626-Shadman -1 - Lahore, Pakistan

Phone: 0092-42-7521116-7 Ext:786Fax: 0092-427521118 Mob: 0300-8460876

Email: director@aaimsonline.com , dgilani@brain.net.pk

Web sites: www.aaimsonline.com

3] Dr. Johnny Walker

CEO

GLOBAL DIAGNOSTICS IRELAND LTD

Rockfield Medical Campus,Balally, Dundrum,

Dublin 16

Republic of Ireland

TEL: +353 85 272 7577

EMAIL: j.walker@globaldiagnostics.ie

3] DR. BOLAJI OLADUNNI

MEDICAL DIRECTOR

CAREWAY HOSPITAL AND MATERNITY

14, Orelope Street, Egbeda, Lagos Nigeria

Tel: 23418167197

4] MR. M .S. OKPALEKE

Director of Institute

Radiographers Registration Board Of Nigeria

Medical Library Compound

Medical Compound

Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria

TEL: +2348035825535

BREAST SELF EXAMINATION, PREVENT CANCER, SAVE LIFE

2009-11-06T17:38:00.000-08:00

BREAST SELF EXAMINATION, PREVENT CANCER, SAVE LIFE
Breast cancer early diagnosis campaign.

BREAST SELF EXAMINATION(BSE)
BSE is regularly performed by a woman will make her familiar with the specific texture of her breast and know what is considered as normal for herself. She will discover a lump including cancer at an earlier stage than the one who does not practice BSE or the one who practice it occasionally. Cancer of the Breast is the most common cancer in women!

Why BSE?
Approximately 90% of breast lumps are discovered by women themselves.
NB: Not all breast lumps are cancerous
Large numbers of women with breast cancer are cured if discovered and treated early

Positive family history of breast cancer is recognized as a risk factor
When and what stage do you perform BSE
All women older than 20 years should examine their breast monthly .Before menopause should examine 5-7 days after the completion of menstrual cycle. After menopause, or after removal of the womb or during pregnancy, choose a particular date each month and stick to that.How do you perform BSE?

Part 1: VISUAL EXAMINATION: -
-Performed standing before a mirror.
-Arm by side-Arms overhead and palms pressed together
-Arms on hips and press firmly
What to observe
[1] Change in size, shape or color (redness) of the breast.
[2] Change in position and shape of the nipple e.g. retraction, cracking etc
[3] Scaling or sores around the nipples
[4] Swellings, dimples or enlargement of the pores of the skin.

Part 2: PALPATION:
Performed standing or lying down with pillow under the shoulder of the side (i.e. Right or left) where the breast is to be examined, using the opposite hand. Then follow the pattern as described below;
-Starting from the outer part of the breast, palpate by making small circular movements. You must examine the entire surface including the nipples.
-Continue this way up to the nipples, you palpate with straightened fingers.
-Squeeze each nipple between the thumb and the index finger to eventually observe any nipple discharge.
-Hooked fingers will allow you examine the underarm with the wrist bent.

NB: Get a FREE REPORT about THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM that can help you overcome infertility and get you as many children as you want.... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb

What to observe
1. Any change in the texture of your breast e.g. thickening or hardening.
2. Appearance of a new lump.
3. Abnormal nipple discharge

What to do if you notice any unusual lump in your breasts?Contact your health care provider. ‘The earlier the better.’
NB: Early detection makes all the DIFFERENCE.

BREAST CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT [BRCAS]
YOU SHOULD KNOW YOUR…….
.-BREAST CANCER FACTOR(S)!
-BREAST CANCER 5 YEAR RISK!!
-BREAST CANCER LIFE TIME RISK!!!
DO YOUR BREAST CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT REGULARLY FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND CURE”BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS
Breast Cancer (BRCA) is one of the leading causes of cancer death for women.
1. A positive family history of BRCA in first-degree relative due to inherited genetic mutation BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
2. Early menarche and late natural menopause
3. Woman’s age at the time of her first live birth of a child
4. A woman with medical history of non-invasive BRCA, cancer of uterine body and has undergone biopsy with atypical hyperplasia or fibrocystic change of the breast.
5. Radiation exposure
6. Age of a woman, and hormonal supplementation.
7. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking etc
8. Race/Ethnicity

NB: Get a FREE REPORT about THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM that can help you overcome infertility and get you as many children as you want.... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb

SCREENING TESTS

X-RAY MAMMOGRAPHYTo find breast cancer early, NCI recommends that:Women in their 40s and older should have mammograms every 1 to 2 years. A mammogram is a picture of the breast made with x-rays.

SONOMAMMOGRAPHY [BREAST ULTRASOUND]
Sonomammography is ultrasound of the breasts. It is used as a complimentary test to mammography in patients with dense breasts [ young patients less than 40 years] or even in patients with breast lumps. It is done quite regularly with X-ray mammography
1. Breast Ultrasound can detect whether a lump is a malignant mass or a benign cyst. While there are a few exceptions, ultrasound can do it while mammography cannot.
2. Ultrasound It is relatively inexpensive and most mammograms must be complemented with ultrasound. As ultrasound is already used for diagnosis, we could skip one step and use it for screening and diagnosis.
3. Sonomammography is painless. Many patients say mammography hurts
4. Sonomammography scans the whole breast. Mammography scans almost all the breast
5. Ultrasound is safer: mechanical waves with very low power and very short exposition time. Mammography uses X-rays whose adverse effects are cumulative
6. Ultrasound works for dense breast. Mammography does not.
7. Modern Ultrasound devices are digital and can use computer-aided detection systems very easily.

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Further testing is necessary to confirm whether a lump detected on screening is cancer, as opposed to a benign alternative such as a simple cyst.In a clinical setting, breast cancer is commonly diagnosed using a "triple test" of clinical breast examination (breast examination by a trained medical practitioner), mammography/sonomammography, and fine needle aspiration cytology.Both mammography/sonomammography and clinical breast exam, also used for screening, can indicate an approximate likelihood that a lump is cancer, and may also identify any other lesions.Fine Needle Aspiration and Cytology (FNAC), which may be done in a GP's office using local anaesthetic if required, involves attempting to extract a small portion of fluid from the lump. Clear fluid makes the lump highly unlikely to be cancerous, but bloody fluid may be sent off for inspection under a microscope for cancerous cells. Together, these three tools can be used to diagnose breast cancer with a good degree of accuracy.
Other options for biopsy include core biopsy, where a section of the breast lump is removed, and an excisional biopsy, where the entire lump is removed.

PREVENTION
Regular exercise, weight loss, avoidance of alcohol, stressors, toxic chemicals and environmental pollutants are all helpful measures in the prevention of breast cancer. Dietary inclusion of dried beans, cruciferous vegetables , and whole grains have also proven beneficial. Brazil nuts, rich in the mineral selenium , when combined with natural vitamin E as found in almonds and walnuts are also highly effective in reducing cancer risk.

TREATMENT
The mainstay of breast cancer treatment is surgery when the tumor is localized, with possible adjuvant hormonal therapy (with tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor], chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.

NB: Get a FREE REPORT about THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM that can help you overcome infertility and get you as many children as you want.... http://bit.ly/9t0Cyb

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria , offers breast ultrasound screening with colour doppler for accuracy in diagnosis.We also offer mammography studies. For accurate assessment of your breast contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun lagos Nigeria.

Regards
Dr. Victor Efughi
Consultant Clinical Specialist Sonographer

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.
We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.TEL:+23418112054 +2348023069403+2348033535729

EMAIL:
info@joasmedical.com

joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

http://www.joasmedical.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DqKdifKE7I

DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
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FOLLICULAR TRACKING IN INFERTILITY INVESTIGATIONS

2009-10-23T12:27:00.001-07:00

FOLLICULAR TRACKING IN INFERTILITY INVESTIGATIONS

Presentation by
Dr. Victor Efughi
DIR, BSc[UK], MSc[Swiss], PhD[h.c.]
Medical Director, JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.

FEMALE FACTOR INFERTILITY
Infertility is the inability of a couple to become pregnant (regardless of cause) after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse (using no birth control methods).
Female factor infertility means infertility of a couple because of a problem in the female's reproductive system. The main causes of female factor infertility are ovulation disorders, tubal disease and endometriosis.

INDICATIONS FOR FOLLICULOMETRY
[1] Monitoring ovulation for infertility checks
[2] To rule out ovarian failure
[3] To rule out anovulatory cycle
[4] To rule out Luteinised follicular syndrome
[5] Gender selection
[6] IUI and IVF [assisted reproduction]

OVARIAN FAILURE FACTOR
The diseases of the ovary which most frequently cause infertility are: anovulation from follicular atresia, the empty follicle syndrome, the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome; chronic anovulation syndromes, within which polycystic ovarian syndrome plays a major role; ovarian endometriosis.
Sonography and Color Doppler US are the first choice procedures in the monitoring of ovarian cycles, which combined with serum hormone values, are able to identify possible changes in the physiologic sequence of the cycle. In follicular atresia, ovaries with minute follicles (3mm or less) and early disappearance of primary follicle are observed on sonography. The empty follicle syndrome characterized by the lack of oocytes within the primary follicle, is of difficult sonographic diagnosis, a possible sign being the missed visualization of cumulus oophorus. The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome consists in the absence of oocyte expulsion from primary follicle persisting more than 48 hours after LH blood peak.

THE OVARY
The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in females are homologous to testes in males, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands.
Ovaries are oval shaped and, in the human, measure approximately 3 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm (about the size of a Greek olive). The ovary (for a given side) is located in the lateral wall of the pelvis in a region called the ovarian fossa. The fossa usually lies beneath the external iliac artery and in front of the ureter and the internal iliac artery.
Each ovary is then attached to the fimbria of the fallopian tube. Usually each ovary takes turns releasing eggs every month; however, if there was a case where one ovary was absent or dysfunctional then the other ovary would continue providing eggs to be released.

1. OOGENESIS
The female germ cells, called oogonia, lodge in the outer layer, or cortex, of the ovary. They divide rapidly and at the fifth month of a female fetus's life number up to 6-7 million cells. At that time, they begin maturation and are now called primary oocytes, eventually maturing to become primordial follicles. At birth, a female baby will have 2-4 million primordial follicles. In terms of numbers, birth is the high point, as many of the follicles will degenerate so that, by puberty, a woman will have, on average, about 400,000 of these follicles in her ovaries. It has been generally accepted that these are all the germ cells a woman has for her lifetime because these cells have not been known to multiply during life the way the spermatogonia do. Although there is one recent article that suggests that germ cells in the ovary may be able to regenerate later in life, in humans, for all practical purposes "what you have at birth is what you get for life" is still the case.

2. FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT
Throughout female life from the onset of menstruation (menarche) to menopause, a small number of these primordial follicles are constantly beginning development. At puberty, hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary glands in the brain will start to influence ovarian function. Without these hormones, the follices will not survive. The names of the hormones: gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

3. OVULATION
With respect to the ovary, the menstrual cycle is divided into two phases: the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is dominated by the development of the follicle under the influence of FSH, while the luteal phase is dominated by another pituitary hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH). LH and FSH cause the production of prostaglandins and enzymes that disrupt the follicle and release the ovum, or egg, from the ovary. This release into the peritoneal space at the open fringed end of the fallopian duct is called ovulation.

OVARIAN FOLLICLES
Ovarian follicle is the basic unit of female reproductive biology and is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary. They contain a single oocyte (aka ovum or egg). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (i.e, once a month).

GRAFFIAN FOLLICLE
A mature ovarian follicle in which the oocyte attains its full size and the surrounding follicular cells are permeated by one or more fluid-filled cavities. Also called secondary follicle, vesicular ovarian follicle.The Graafian follicle is characterized by a large, fluid-filled antrum, and an eccentric oocyte. The granulosa cells can be divided into two groups; the zona granulosa is a thin layer along the periphery of the follicle and the corona radiata surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte has undergone the first meiotic division, giving rise to a secondary oocyte and the first polar body. The secondary oocyte is now arrested in metaphase of the second meiotic division and will so remain until fertilization. The first meiotic division appears to be initiated by LH acting on granulosa cells, however the exact mechanism of action is unknown. The Graafian follicle represents the final stage of follicular development before ovulation.
The Graafian follicle is identified by the large antrum , and the corona radiata that surrounds the actual oocyte and projects into the antrum
CUMULUS OOPHORUS: a mass of follicular cells surrounding the oocyte in the vesicular ovarian follicle.

FOLLICULAR TRACKING BY ULTRASOUND
Ultrasound Folliculometry is a serial Transvaginal ultrasound scan test carried out to monitor follicular growth . Follicular growth can be best monitored by ultrasound , providing 40–70% effectiveness. Folliculometry is one of the most accurate method for determining ovulation. Ovulation scans allow us to determine accurately when the follicle matures; and when it ruptures. Daily scans are done to visualize the growing follicle, which looks like a black bubble on the screen. Other useful information which can be determined by these scans is the thickness of the uterine lining - the endometrium. The ripening follicle produces increasing quantities of estrogen, which cause the endometrium to thicken. We can get a good idea of how much estrogen the patient is producing (and thus the quality of the egg) based on the thickness and brightness of the endometrium on the ultrasound scan.

In a normal ovarian cycle, a single follicle begin to mature under the influence of the gonadotrophic hormone FSH and LH. The follicle appears sonographically as a vesicular echo free structure on the ovary. While some small follicles from 0.4 to 0.6cm in diameter can usually be seen in both ovaries during the initial days of the cycle, a follicle on one of the ovaries become dorminant starting about day 10, enlarging to a diameter of approximately 1 cm. That follicle grows at an almost linear rate of 2 to 3mm per day over the next 4 to 5 days reaching a size of 18 to 24mm just before ovulation. The follicle may have a somewhat elliptical shape initially , but the preovulatory follicle is generally round.
Research found a good correlation between follicular size by ultrasound and the serum estradiol level .
In folliculometry the follicle diameter is determined by measuring the internal diameter of the follicle in three planes [ long, transverse, anterior-posterior] and taking the average of these diameters.
Sonographic follicular monitoring is started on about 6 to 8 days of the menstrual cycle, on day 10 when the dormant follicle presumably has reached a minimum size of 1cm. The scans are repeated at intervals of 1 to 2 days until ovulation is detected.
Occassionally the Cumulus Oophorus can be identified with a high resolution scanner shortly before ovulation. It appears as a peripheral circular feature within the follicular wall.
During folliculometry [transvaginally] we should make an effort to see the Cumulus mass. When a cumulus mass is seen, it can be taken as evidence of a sign of maturity of that particular follicle and oocyte. Cumulus visualization by ultrasound appears to be an indicator for mature oocytes and successful fertilization. Follicles in which the cumulus cannot be visualized are unlikely to contain mature oocytes or oocytes in which fertilization is achieved.
Normally ovulation is not expected to occur until the follicle has reached a size of 1.7cm.

Once ovulation has occurred , various sonographic changes maybe observed
[1] Complete disappearance of the cystic structure in the ovary.
[2] Collapse of the cystic structure with a decrease in its diameter.
[3] A cystic mass with internal echoes [the corpus hemorrhagicum]
[4] The presence of follicular fluid in the cul de sac.

Serial ultrasound examinations cannot only demonstrate normal follicular development. These include failure of the follicle to mature.
Defficient growth of the follicle and Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.

COMPLICATIONS

OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION SYNDROME

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a common
complication in assisted reproductive technologies. It is seen
to occur in ,10% of the treatments, and the severe form is
observed in 0.5–2% of IVF cycles . OHSS
is usually described by enlarged multicystic ovaries, ascites
and haemoconcentration. Acute renal failure due to a hypovolaemic
state following production of protein-rich ascites in
patients with OHSS .
Even though the complication risk related to IVF is low,
one should be aware of a possible compression or damage to the ureters with subsequent development of acute renal failure.

THANK YOU........

FEMALE FACTOR INFERTILITY

2009-10-16T14:42:00.000-07:00

FEMALE FACTOR INFERTILITY

She looked at me in desperation, as if to say ‘’Give me a child now or I die here, because I cannot go home without one. I cannot afford to fail the second time’’.
Her case is like the plight of so many infertile African women.
She had been married to her first husband for over 10 years without giving him a child. When the man got tired of waiting , he decided to test his manhood by playing an away game with his secretary, and scored, she became pregnant for him.
As if that was not enough problem for the poor lady, her mother in-law and sisters in-law came over , beat her thoroughly then threw her out of her matrimonial home to make way for the new pregnant secretary/wife to take over.
Luckily she was such a pretty and desirable lady, so not long she had remarried to another man.
She is now married to her new husband for 4 years without giving him any child.
Now she is desperate.

INFERTILITY: is usually defined as no pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. This is a relative measurement. Over time, many couples may achieve pregnancy. In five years, nearly one half of "infertile" couples will conceive.

SUBFERTILITY: is used to describe gradations between normal fertility and sterility, often used interchangeably with infertility.

FECUNDABILITY: is the pregnancy rate from one menstrual cycle. The normal rate in humans is 20%. Seventy-five percent of normally fertile couples are expected to have conceived in six months and almost 100% by one year.

STERILITY: is the absolute inability to procreate: an absent uterus in women, absent testes in men. In years past, a woman with blocked fallopian tubes or man with an obstructed vas deferens would be sterile. But with assisted reproductive technology (ART), this is no longer the case.Normal fertility can be considered from several different points of view: the couple, the female and the male. In this article, we are going to look at female fertility: the biological steps and mechanisms, the defects, the causes of the defects and what to do.

THREE BASIC QUESTIONS
There are really three basic questions that have to be answered when doctors try to determine why a woman is having problems getting pregnant.
[1]Is she ovulating?
[2]Is there a clear passage from the ovary to the uterus?
[3]How old is she?
A similar set of questions has to be answered in men. Is there sperm? Can it be delivered to the female? Is the sperm normal? In the male these questions are answered in a preliminary and rather thorough way by semen analysis. With women the process is more complicated.

FEMALE INFERTILITY
Female factor infertility is the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term due to one or more problems specific to females. For example, if a couple is struggling to achieve pregnancy and the male has adequate sperm count, motility, and shape, but the woman has polycystic ovarian syndrome, then their inability to conceive is likely due to female factor infertility.

FEMALE FERTILITY PROBLEMS
There are several conditions that contribute to female factor infertility, including uterine and pelvic abnormalities, secondary infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and hostile cervical mucus. It is important to understand, however, that infertility, whether male infertility or female infertility, is not the same thing as sterility - conception and successful pregnancy are possible in many cases. Likewise, secondary infertility (the inability of a couple to conceive after having already achieved a successful pregnancy or pregnancies) can often be treated.
[1] Abnormal Uterine/Pelvic Area
[2] Blocked Fallopian Tubes
[3] Endometriosis
[4] Hostile cervical mucus. This is a condition in which the cervical mucus creates a thick barrier that sperm cannot penetrate.
[5] Irregular Ovulation
[6] Medications/Contraceptives and Infertility
[7] Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[8] Premature Ovarian Failure
[9] Uterine Fibroids
[10] High levels of the hormone prolactin
[11] Galactorhoea (milk leaking from the breasts).
[12] Amennorhoea [absence of periods]
[13] The production of sperm antibodies (when a woman develops antibodies to her partner’s sperm).

INFERTILITY AFTER MISCARRIAGE
The termination of a pregnancy is devastating to couples who wish to have a baby; worse yet is the prospect of female infertility after miscarriage. Unfortunately, such a fate is possible. This form of female factor infertility can be caused by hormonal, environmental, immunological, and even physiological problems. There is hope, however, with treatment from a female fertility specialist.

SECONDARY INFERTILITY
Sometimes female infertility occurs after a woman has already given birth to one or more children. If a couple has already successfully conceived and delivered before, but is having difficulty becoming pregnant again, they may be experiencing secondary infertility.Secondary infertility can be caused by a wide range of issues, including age, irregular ovulation, endometriosis, hostile cervical mucus, and an abnormal uterus or pelvis. Scar tissue from the previous pregnancy may be causing blockage to the fallopian tubes or cervix, resulting in female factor infertility.

INFERTILITY CAUSED BY ABORTION
There is a risk of becoming infertile after an abortion, arising from various complications. If you have had a first trimester abortion (in the first 13 weeks) this is done by vacuum suction which can cause perforation of the womb. This is when the womb ruptures and causes internal bleeding. It is life threatening and the surgeon would be required to do additional surgery to repair the damage. Sometimes after this has occurred, the damage to the womb prevents another embryo from attaching. Rupture happens in about 1% of cases, so if 100 women had an abortion, one of them would have this problem.The main abortion complications that could cause infertility:90% of abortions are done in the first trimester. However, a late abortion frequently requires a material called laminaria to dilate the cervix. This makes the passage large enough to allow a suction tube to be inserted. The laminaria could weaken the cervix and conceivably cause infertility.If the physician scrapes too hard, the lower lining of the uterus can be removed. This is extremely rare.An untreated infection can scar the uterus and cause later fertility problems. The infection rate for first trimester abortions is less than 1%. Most women monitor their body temperature after an abortion to detect if an infection has occurred. Early detection should prevent any problems.
A woman who already have gonorrhea or chlamydia are very likely to suffer pelvic inflammatory disease which causes infertility. They are particularly susceptible to damage from PID after an abortion. This can be avoided by obtaining a STD test before the abortion.The suction tube can perforate both the uterus and a large blood vessel or intestine. If the latter happens, then surgery may be required. The surgery can cause infertility. Perforation of the uterus is also quite rare.
It would seem that if the physician is competent, and the woman monitors her body temperature after the procedure, that the chances of an abortion causing later infertility is quite remote.

CAUSES AND MECHANISMS OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
The main causes of female factor infertility are ovulation disorders, tubal disease and endometriosis. In a population of infertile couples, if you consider unexplained and male factor infertility at about 25% each, ovulatory disorders and tubal factors would be about 20% each and endometriosis 5-10%, with small percentages for uterine/cervical problems.3

The history and physical exam offer us many hints about the cause of infertility :

FEMALE INFERTILITY WORK-UP: HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.

HISTORY
[1]Systemic illnesses: weight gain, weight loss
[2]Cancer, chemotherapy, radiation treatment, surgery
[3]Urogenital system: surgery: D & C, laparoscopy
[4]Pregnancy: outcome
[5]Menstruation: regular, irregular, absent
[6]Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia
[7]Sexual history: function, sexually transmitted disease, pelvic inflammatory disease
[8]Endocrine history: diabetes, thyroid disease

FAMILY HISTORY
Infertility, cystic fibrosis, endometriosis

MEDICATIONS AND DRUGS
Prescription: endocrine, psychoactive, anti-hypertensive

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
[1]Height & weight, neck, arms (carrying angle)
[2]Skin: hirsuitism
[3]Breasts: galactorrhea
[4]Abdomen: girth, adiposity
[5]Mass Pelvic exam: uterus, ovaries, pelvic mass, tenderness Genital ulcers, warts

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[1]IS SHE OVULATING?
Defects in ovulation comprise about 25% of female fertility problems. The biggest clue that ovulation is occurring is the presence of regular menstrual periods. Regular periods are almost always associated with ovulation. Irregular or scanty menstruation (oligomenorrhea) or absent periods (amenorrhea) have to be investigated by your doctor.It is impossible to describe all the conditions that affect ovulation, but let me hit the highlights and give you some examples of the mechanisms involved. Causes for ovulatory defects can be genetic, as in Turner's syndrome, or hormonal, as in prolactinoma or the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Deficient or excessive body fat can also lead to hormonal changes that stop ovulation.

[2]IS THERE A CLEAR PASSAGE FROM THE OVARY TO THE UTERUS?
The two main conditions that can affect the fallopian tubes are endometriosis and tubal infection.

[A] ENDOMETRIOSIS
In this condition, implants of endometrial tissue are found outside the uterine cavity, primarily in the pelvis, on the ovaries, tubes, body linings and adjacent organs of the GI and GU tracts. This extra endometrial tissue responds to cyclical estrogen and progesterone in the same way the uterine endometrium does -- proliferating, swelling and bleeding. The implants can invade the surrounding tissues, affect nerve endings, and cause scarring and adhesions on adjacent peritoneal surfaces. The most common symptoms of endometriosis are pelvic pain, painful periods (dysmenorrhea) and painful sexual intercourse (dyspareunia). These symptoms generally coincide with menstruation but can become chronic. That said, there are women who have had no complaints at all and are found to have endometriosis at laparoscopy or surgery.

[B] PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE [PID] / SALPINGITIS
PID is the most common cause of tubal factor infertility. The infection involves the upper genital tract (the uterus, the fallopian tubes and the ovaries) and structures around these organs. The infection of the fallopian tube (salpingitis) is the most crucial element causing infertility. The fallopian tube is lined with special, ciliated cells that direct the egg toward the sperm and the fertilized egg into the uterine cavity. Infection can destroy these cells and distort and/or block the tube.
The main bacterial culprits are Neisseria gonococcus (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). NG is directly kills the special cells; CT probably destroys cells through immunological mechanisms. With the infection, the tubes can become thickened, distorted and blocked. Abscesses can form between the tube and the ovary or in the adjacent pelvis, and can be life threatening. This condition requires prompt, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Interestingly, in about half of cases of tubal infertility secondary to PID, there is no history of acute infection. Chlamydia in particular can linger in the genital tract, causing ongoing subclinical damage. Chronic pelvic pain, infertility and ectopic pregnancy (where the pregnancy develops in the tube instead of the uterus) are the serious consequences of PID.

[3]HOW OLD IS SHE?
Fertility decreases with age. Nationally, in assisted reproductive technology facilities, live birth rates are 37% for women <35>42. As mentioned earlier, there are only so many primordial follicles present in the ovary at birth and they decrease steadily until the time of menarche, from 2-4 million to 400,000. With every cycle, primordial follicles are lost. As women age, more chromosomal abnormalities occur during cell division of the ova. The decreasing numbers of follicles, cycles without ovulation (anovulatory) and poor quality of the ova all combine to diminish the chances of older women, especially after age forty, becoming pregnant.While age is the strongest predictor of a women's ovarian function, there are some tests that are also helpful. They are the follicle count, which is determined by ultrasound, and blood tests for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol. All these tests are performed on or about the third day of the menstrual cycle. Follicle count is used because the number of small follicles seen on Day 3 gives a good idea about ovarian reserve.The hormone levels give indirect evidence about ovarian reserve because inhibin, secreted by cells of the follicles, effects the hormone FSH. As the follicle number diminishes, there are fewer cells producing inhibin and FSH increases. As the specialized cells, called granulosa cells, continue to diminish, ovarian estrogen decreases despite elevated FSH. A high FSH and a low estrogen indicate severe loss of follicles.

INFERTILITY DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
The Female Work-up (Diagnostic Tests)

[1] ULTRASOUND : Ultrasound scan is a simple and easy outpatient procedure to examine the internal reproductive organs. It can clearly show the position and size of uterus, endometrial lining and the ovaries. Certain abnormal conditions such as fibroid, double uterus and ovarian cyst can be diagnosed through ultrasound scan alone. In addition, ultrasound scan can be used for the diagnosis of ovulation.
Ultrasound scan appears as a routine practice in the management of infertility, from the initial stages of diagnosis of the cause of infertility, to the eventual confirmation of pregnancy, including routine monitoring of early pregnancy. Ultrasound scan is probably the most important test in investigation of infertility. A well-preformed and detailed ultrasound scan of the female pelvis will give more information than any other single test.
Ultrasound is the only definitive way to tell you have ovulated. Especially TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND SCAN. This can tell if you have LUFS (Lutenized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome), which looks exactly like you are ovulating in every way except the egg is not released.

[2] HORMONAL BLOOD TESTS: perform some basic hormone blood tests. Here is a list of the common blood tests performed. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)LH (Lutenizing Hormone)EstrogenProgesterone
including estradiol, inhibin B, Pooled progesterone, prolactin,thyroid stimulating hormone, testosterone.

[3] POSTCOITAL TEST: This test will tell if you and your partner's cervical mucus and sperm are compatible. During the fertile time of your cycle, the doctor will take a sample of the female's cervical fluid withintwo hours of intercourse. If the sperm survive and move forward in the cervical fluid, you will know the sperm andcervical mucus are compatible.

[4] HSG (Hysterosalpingogram) : This is a Special X-Ray examination. This will tell if your fallopian tubes are open by injecting dyethrough the cervix. Blocked tubes and lesions or polyps on the uterine cavity can be foundwith this method.

TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND SCAN
Definition
Transvaginal ultrasound is a imaging technique used to create a picture of the genital tract in women. The hand-held device that produces the ultrasound waves is inserted directly into the vagina, close to the pelvic structures, thus often producing a clearer and less distorted image than obtained through transabdominal ultrasound technology, where the probe is located externally on the skin of the abdomen.
Purpose
Transvaginal ultrasound can used to evaluate problems or abnormalities of the female genital tract. It may provide more accurate information than transabdominal ultrasound for women who are obese, for women who are being evaluated or treated for infertility , or for women who have difficulty keeping a full bladder. However, it does provide a view of a smaller area than the transabdominal ultrasound.

Types of conditions or abnormalities that can be examined include:
[a]the endometrium of women with infertility problems or who are experiencing abnormal bleeding
[b]sources of unexplained pain
[c]congenital malformations of the ovaries and uterus
[d]ovarian cysts and tumors
[e]pelvic infections, such as pelvic inflammatory disease
[f]bladder abnormalities
[g]a misplaced IUCD (intrauterine contraceptive device)·
[h]other causes of infertility
Transvaginal ultrasound can also be used during pregnancy. Its capability of producing more complete images means that it is especially useful for identifying ectopic pregnancy, fetal heartbeat, and abnormalities of the uterus, placenta, and associated pelvic structures.

FOLLICULOMETRY [ULTRASOUND]
Ultrasound Folliculometry is a serial Transvaginal ultrasound scan test carried out to monitor follicular growth . Ovulation/Follicular growth can be best monitored by ultrasound folliculometry, providing 40–60% effectiveness.
Folliculometry is one of the most accurate method for determining ovulation. Ovulation scans allow the doctor to determine accurately when the egg matures; and when you ovulate. This is often the basic procedure for most infertility treatment since the treatment revolves around the wife's ovulation. Daily scans are done to visualize the growing follicle, which looks like a black bubble on the screen. Most women can see the follicle clearly for themselves - and know by the scans when the egg has ruptured.
Other useful information which can be determined by these scans is the thickness of the uterine lining - the endometrium. The ripening follicle produces increasing quantities of estrogen, which cause the endometrium to thicken.
The doctor can get a good idea of how much estrogen you are producing (and thus the quality of the egg) based on the thickness and brightness of the endometrium on the ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Folliculometry is started from day 6 – 8 counting from the first day of menstruation. Folliculometry is performed every 2 or 3 days in the initial stages and can be done daily from the day 12, till after the follicle ruptures [post ovulation]. So in a routine ultrasound folliculometry the lady could be scanned transvaginally for between 3 to 6 sessions.

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc. We also offer a simple assisted reproductive procedure like INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION [IUI]. For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.

Regards
Dr. Victor Efughi
Consultant Clinical Specialist Sonographer

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.
We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street, Opposite Synagogue Church Busstop, Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica.

TEL:
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EMAIL:
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