21 WAYS TO CHECK IF YOU HAVE POOR PENIS ERECTION AND HOW YOU CAN OVERCOME IT

MALE IMPOTENCE AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

For many years I have always thought that male impotence or erectile dysfunction [ED] affects only old men, who have already enjoyed their youthful sex life and now there is need for retirement, just like menopause in older women.
I never thought men as young as 30 years or even younger could also suffer from ED.In our clinic , we have had to attend to so many men recently complaining of ED, this is worrying, but not as worrying as this young man’s case.
He came into my office, sat in front of me, and only asked for my patience for him to narrate his ordeal. Truely to his request, I had to make a great effort to sit still for one hour to listen to his long sorrowful story.
I will abbreviate, he told me that he had always enjoyed his sex life from his college days, until he contracted venereal disease. After the successful treatment, he noticed that he does not always keep a strong erection, after some years he could not even keep an erection at all. He went to different hospitals , both orthodox and unorthodox, to seek help, but to no avail.
In fear of not embarrassing himself, he tried to avoid marriage, but as an African , if he is not married, tongues will start wagging. So he took this young beautiful lady to the alter, and got married.
Unfortunately, he could not even get his weak penis into his young pretty wife’s inviting vagina. After one year of tolerating him and the sexless marriage, the young lady ran away.

Sexual impotence is perhaps the most poorly understood and mismanaged of all medical disorders.

Two factors are responsible for this unfortunate state of affairs.

1. Ignorance, myths, superstition, guilt and the stigma and taboo attached to anything sexual in the minds of the people.

2. Abysmal sexual ignorance : on account of which people continue to believe that impotence is something that is largely psychological in origin.

These two factors explain why most cases of impotence do not come to light and why the few that do are grossly mismanaged. It is not surprising, therefore, that the general impression is that impotence is something largely incurable.This is unfortunate because not only are most cases of impotence NOT psychological in origin but most are EMINENTLY CURABLE as well.


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WHAT IS ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) means that you cannot get and/or maintain an erection. In some cases the penis becomes partly erect, but not hard enough to have sex properly. In some cases, there is no swelling or fullness of the penis at all. ED is sometimes called impotence.

HOW COMMON IS ERECTLE DYSFUNCTION?

Most men have odd times when they cannot get an erection. For example, you may not get an erection so easily if you are tired, stressed, distracted, or have drunk too much alcohol. For most men it is only temporary, and an erection occurs most times when you are sexually aroused.
However, some men have persistent, or recurring, ED. It can occur at any age, but becomes more common with increasing age. About half of men between the age of 40 and 70 have ED. About 7 in 10 men aged 70 and above have ED.Contrary to popular belief, impotence is almost never an 'all or none' phenomenon. Most laymen (and several doctors) believe that a man can either have an erection of very good quality or none at all. Nothing can be farther from the truth. Most men with erectile dysfunction have normal desire and can obtain an erection, only the erection is not hard enough or doesn't last long enough, Hence the term erectile dysfunction (which suggests partial loss) is preferred to impotence (which suggests a total loss). Not many are aware that in most cases organic rather than psychological causes are responsible.


WHAT IS AN ERECTION?

A man gets an erection when the penis enlarges and stiffens.It is a complex process that happens as a result of changes within the muscles, nerves and blood vessels of the penis.The regulation of blood flow into and out of the penis is what makes an erection possible.

1. Specialised tissues in the shaft of the penis trap blood. This increases the pressure within the penis and causes it to lengthen and then become firm.

2. Following orgasm or the withdrawal of sexual stimulation, the process is reversed. Blood flows out of the penis and back into your circulation so the penis becomes soft.


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THE ANATOMY OF THE PENIS

Each corpus cavernosum runs from the base of the glans along the length of the penis.Cross-section of the penis showing the position of the corpora cavernosa.Corpora cavernosa: two cylindrical tissues run the length of either side of the penis. Like sponges, they are capable of filling with blood. When the penis is soft, the muscle fibres in the corpora are contracted.Tunica: a tough outer sheath that surrounds the corpora and limits the amount they can expand. As the tunica becomes tight, blood flowing into the penis raises the pressure within it, making it hard.Corpus spongeosum: a third cylinder of tissue between the two corpora. This contains the urethra, through which urine and semen pass out of the body. It thickens towards the tip of the penis to form the helmet-shaped glans, which is covered by foreskin in uncircumcised men.


HOW AN ERECTION HAPPENS

1. Touch, sights, sounds, erotic memories, fantasies etc, cause sexual excitement.

2. These stimuli increase signal output from a part of the brain called the para-ventricular nucleus.

3. These signals then pass through special autonomic nerves in the spinal cord, the pelvic nerves and the cavernous nerves that run along the prostate gland to reach the corpora cavernosa and the arteries that supply them with blood.

4. In response to these signals, the muscle fibres in the corpora relax, allowing blood to fill the spaces between them.

5. Muscle fibres in the arteries that supply the penis also relax, and there is an eight-fold increase in blood flow to the penis. The increased blood flow expands the corpora, then stretches the surrounding sheath (the tunica).

6. As the tunica stretches, it blocks off the veins that take blood away from the corpora cavernosa. This traps blood within the penis, the pressure becomes very high and the penis becomes erect.

7. During an erection pressure in the penis is at least twice the pressure of blood in the main circulation. This is possible because the muscles of the pelvic floor contract around the base of the corpora cavernosa.

8. At orgasm, the signalling from the brain changes dramatically. There is a sudden increase in noradrenaline production from nerves in the genitalia. This seems to both trigger orgasm and contract the muscle fibres in the corpora cavernosa and their supplying arteries.

9. The pressure within the corpora drops, which also relaxes the tunica and so allows blood to flow out of the penis. The inability to get or sustain an erection can happen as a result of one or more of these processes breaking down. Fortunately, there are treatments available for erectile dysfunction.

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CAUSES OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

There are several causes which tend to be grouped into 'physical' and 'psychological'.

PHYSICAL CAUSES
About 8 in 10 cases of ED are due to a physical cause. If the ED is due to a physical cause, you are likely to still have a normal sex drive (libido). Causes include:

[1] Reduced blood flow to the penis. Like in other parts of the body, the arteries which take blood to the penis can become narrowed. The blood flow may then not be enough to cause an erection. 'Risk factors' can increase your chance of 'narrowing of the arteries'. These include: getting older; high blood pressure; high cholesterol; smoking; diabetes.

[2] Diseases which affect the nerves going to the penis. For example, multiple sclerosis, a stroke, etc.

[3] Diabetes. This is one of the commonest causes of ED. Diabetes can affect blood vessels and nerves.

[4] Injury to the nerves going to the penis. For example, spinal injury, following surgery to nearby structures, fractured pelvis, radiotherapy to the genital area, etc.

[5] Side-effect of certain medicines. The most common are: some antidepressants; betablockers such as propranolol, atenolol etc; some diuretics ('water tablets'); cimetidine. Many other less commonly used tablets sometimes cause ED.

[6] Alcohol and drug abuse.

[7] Cycling. ED after long distance cycling is thought to be common. It is probably due to pressure on the nerves going to the penis from sitting on the saddle for long periods. This may affect the function of the nerve after the ride.

[8] Hormone causes . For example, a lack of a hormone called testosterone which is made in the testes.

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JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc. We also offer a simple assisted reproductive procedure like INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION [IUI].
For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.


For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street,
Opposite The Synagogue Church Busstop,
Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos
Postcode: 100265
Nigeria.  

TEL:
08032509975,
08184590752,
08058166504,
08064981455


EMAIL:
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com



DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

7 SECRETS OF PAINFUL SEX, AND HOW YOU CAN OVERCOME THEM

PAINFUL SEX PROBLEMS


When a woman feels pain while having sexual intercourse, it is called dyspareunia. Painful sex is fairly common. Nearly 2 out of 3 women have it at some time during their lives. The pain can range from very mild to severe.
Pain during sex is a sign there may be a problem. Talk to your doctor about the pain so that the cause can be found and treated as soon as possible. Proper treatment can help you enjoy your sex life.
Dyspareunia is painful sexual intercourse, due to medical or psychological causes. The symptom is reported almost exclusively by women, although the problem can also occur in men. The causes are often reversible, even when long-standing, but self-perpetuating pain is a factor after the original cause has been removed.

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CAUSES

What causes pain during sexual intercourse?

The quality of your sex life is important at every age. One problem that can be hard to talk about is painful sex. The pain can be at the opening of the vagina and vulva, inside the vagina, or deeper in the pelvic area. Sex should never be painful. When it is, it means that something is wrong. In many cases, simple things such as a lack of natural lubrication in the vagina or an awkward position can be the cause. There are many physical and emotional factors that can cause painful intercourse.
You may feel pain at the opening of your vagina or in the vulva, which is the area around the vaginal opening. Even a gentle touch in this area may cause pain. The pain can be caused by:

[1]infection
[2]irritation from soaps, spermicides, or other chemicals
[3]a problem called vulvar dystrophy, which is a thinning or thickening of the skin of the vulva

Pain during sex can be caused by vaginal dryness. Possible causes of vaginal dryness are:

[1]a lack of natural moisture resulting from not enough foreplay
[2]hormonal changes such as those that happen during breast-feeding or during or after menopause
[3]psychological factors that affect your level of sexual arousal

Examples of other problems that can cause pain in the vaginal or vulvar area are:

[1]Bartholin's gland cyst, a swelling of a gland near the opening of the vagina
[2]scarring of tissues from a pelvic infection, childbirth, or vaginal or pelvic surgery
[3]injury to the vaginal area

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Sometimes the muscles at the opening of the vagina tighten because of spasms. The muscle tightening can make the vaginal opening smaller. It may even close the opening. This condition is called vaginismus. It causes pain and the penis may not be able to enter the vagina. Psychological factors such as a fear of intercourse, fear of getting pregnant, or fear of being hurt may cause the vaginal muscles to tighten.

You may feel pain deep inside your vagina during sexual intercourse. This can be caused by problems such as:

[1]movements that are too forceful
[2]bladder that is too full
[3]infection of the bladder, vagina, or pelvis
[4]growths in the uterus called fibroids
[5]ovarian cysts (fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary)
[6]endometriosis, an abnormal growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus
[7]prolapsed (fallen) uterus, meaning the uterus has moved from its normal position down into your vagina
[8]tipped uterus (the uterus is tipped backward and downward)
[9]scarring of tissues from a pelvic infection
[10]injury to the vagina from childbirth, rape, or sexual abuse.

A number of conditions may cause pain and / or discomfort during sexual intercourse. These conditions include:
[1] Vaginal dryness
[2] Inadequate foreplay
[3] Poor sexual technique
[4] Sexual anxiety
[5] Menopause
[6 ]Perimenopause
[7] Recent childbirth - due to both reduced libido and physical vaginal injuries or stretching.
[8] Lactaton - the requirements of breastfeeding causes vaginal dryness from reduced hormone levels.

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Some other physical medical disorder causes of intercourse pain in women include:
[1]Vaginal injury - such as a bruised vagina from many possible causes (such as from a previous episode of painful or forceful intercourse)
[2] Pregnancy
[3] Post-childbirth - many women experience intercourse pain while the vagina recovers from childbirth changes.
[4]Episiotomy - if this procedure is performed for childbirth, this can cause painful intercourse.
[5] Vaginal infection
[6] Cystitis
[7] Urethritis
[8] Vulva infection
[9] Skin condition
[10] Atrophic vaginitis
[11] Vaginal abnormality
[12] Vestigial vagina
[13] Vaginal changes from childbirth
[14] Narrow vaginal
[15] Thick hymen
[16] Endometriosis
[17] Hemorrhoids

SOME DEFINITIONS[1] VAGINAL INFECTION
Certain vaginal infections such as vaginal yeast infections and trichomoniasis are often present without noticeable symptoms. However during sexual intercourse, the rubbing motion of the penis against the vagina and genitalia sometimes causes the symptoms of these vaginal infections to intensify causing stinging and burning. Genital herpes sores are another frequent cause of pain during sex.

[2] VAGINAL IRRITATION
Many products contain irritants which can cause vaginal irritation leading to discomfort or pain during vaginal sexual intercourse. These include:
[a]Any contraceptive foams, creams, or jellies
[b]Allergic reactions to condoms, diaphragms, or latex gloves
[c]Vaginal deodorant sprays
[d]Scented tampons
[e]Deodorant soaps
[f]Laundry detergents in sensitive individuals
[g]Excessive vaginal douching


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JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc. We also offer a simple assisted reproductive procedure like INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION [IUI].
For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.


For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street,
Opposite The Synagogue Church Busstop,
Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos
Postcode: 100265
Nigeria.  

TEL:
08032509975,
08184590752,
08058166504,
08064981455


EMAIL:
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com



DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

TRANSVAGINAL SCAN AND FEMALE INFERTILITY IN NIGERIA

TRANSVAGINAL SCAN AND FEMALE INFERTILITY IN NIGERIA

FEMALE INFERTILITY
Infertility in a couple that relates to factors associated with the woman rather than the man.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
Many women trying to conceive for the first time panic if their periods continue for even three or four months. But the standard definition of infertility is unsuccessful conception after an entire year of unprotected intercourse. At that point, a couple should seek a comprehensive examination that includes menstrual and pregnancy history, semen analysis, ovulation tests, and sometimes a laparoscopy to detect endometriosis or pelvic adhesions. Such testing determines the causes of infertility in 70 to 85 percent of all couples.

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CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
Many factors may account for infertility: abnormalities of the uterus (such as fibroids); ovarian dysfunction; endometriosis; scar tissue from previous surgery; thyroid problems or other hormonal imbalances; sexually transmitted diseases or other infections in the man or woman; and a low sperm count.
Female reproductive problems account for 40 percent of all infertility cases; male reproductive problems account for another 40 percent; and 20 percent of the time physicians cannot determine precisely what is wrong.


DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES THAT ASSIST FERTILITY

UTERINE EVALUATION
The uterus (womb) is lined by a specialized layer of cells called the endometrium. It is on this lining that embryos implant and begin to develop in pregnancy. It is critical to thoroughly evaluate the uterine cavity for potential defects or obstacles to implantation of the embryo. Examples of such include uterine scar tissue (from previous pregnancies or procedures), polyps (benign glandular growths), fibroids, or other structural defects in the uterus.

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TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION
Ultrasound, or sonography, involves sending sound waves into the body. These sound waves are reflected off the internal organs, and the reflections are then recorded by special instruments that create an image of the organs. No ionizing radiation (X-ray) is involved in ultrasound imaging.
This is an ultrasound examination performed by placing a probe (medical camera) into the vagina. A transvaginal ultrasound provides images that are much more clear than those obtained by placing the probe on the abdominal wall. This examination may be performed at the onset of your menstrual cycle on Day 2, 3, or 4 or it may be performed midcycle. Midcycle examinations (performed when the lining is at its thickest point) may provide more information about the quality and integrity of the endometrial cavity.
This test, which may also be performed on any day of the menstrual cycle, provides information on the overall size and volume of the ovaries. It also enables your physician to obtain an antral follicle count. Antral follicles are small (With transvaginal ultrasound, the ultrasound transducer (a hand-held probe) is inserted directly into the vagina. Transvaginal ultrasound is most commonly used to examine the uterus and ovaries and to monitor the health and development of the embryo during pregnancy. Ultrasound images can help to identify palpable masses such as ovarian cysts and fibroids, as well as ovarian or uterine cancers. IVF cycling patients are checked regularly with a transvaginal ultrasound to monitor the size and number of developing follicles.
Transvaginal ultrasound is performed very much like a gynecologic exam. The tip of the transducer is smaller than a gynecologic speculum. A protective cover lubricated with gel is placed over the transducer, which is then inserted into the vagina. Only two to three inches of the transducer end are inserted into the vagina. The images are obtained from different orientations to get the best views of the uterus and ovaries.

FALLOPIAN TUBE EVALUATION
Issues with the fallopian tubes account for approximately 30% of female infertility problems. Common problems result from tubal blockage or scarring from previous, sometimes undiagnosed, pelvic infection. Other conditions, such as abdominal infections like appendicitis, prior surgeries, prior ectopic pregnancy, or endometriosis may also lead to fallopian tube damage. Tubal blockage or scarring may occur from previous pelvic or abdominal infection, pelvic surgery, ectopic pregnancy, or endometriosis. Prior tubal ligation (tying of the tubes) for contraception would also prevent the tubes from functioning normally.

HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY (HSG)
Hysterosalpingogram is a procedure in which radiographic contrast (dye) is injected into the uterine cavity through the vagina and cervix and X-ray pictures are taken as the dye is expelled from your reproductive system. The uterine cavity fills with dye, and if the fallopian tubes are open, the dye will then fill the tubes and spill out into the abdominal cavity. In this way we can determine whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked and whether the blockage is located at the junction of the tube and the uterus (proximal) or whether it is at the end of the fallopian tube (distal).
If a blockage is detected, we will discuss with you effective treatments for tubal factor infertility.
Your HSG can also give us a better picture of the uterine cavity and detect the presence of polyps, fibroids, or scar tissue. The fallopian tubes can also be examined for defects within the tube or suggestion of a partial blockage.
The hysterosalpingogram takes only about 20 minutes to perform. During the procedure you are likely to experience some mild cramping, so you may wish to ask your doctor about taking pain medication such as Tylenol or Ibuprofen a half hour prior to the HSG . The test involves the following steps:

[1]The specialist places a speculum in the vagina and examines the cervix. Your cervix is cleaned with an antibacterial soap.
[2]A clamp may be attached onto your cervix to hold it steady. A small, bendable plastic tube is gently pushed through the opening of your cervix into your uterus, and a tiny balloon on the end of the tube is filled with air to hold it temporarily in place.
[3]The speculum is removed but the thin tube will be left in place, with one end (about 6 inches of tubing) remaining outside of your vagina.
[4]A small amount of contrast dye is injected through the tube into your uterus, and several X-ray pictures are taken. Your doctor may ask you to move your pelvis slightly or roll from side to side to provide the clearest view of your uterus. You may experience some uterine cramping as the contrast dye goes into the tube.
[5]The procedure is now complete. The balloon will be emptied of air from the outside and the tube will be gently pulled out.

After the procedure, your doctor will review the X-ray pictures and discuss the results of the hysterosalpingogram with you.
You may experience slight vaginal bleeding and cramping after the procedure, and some sticky vaginal discharge as some of the gel and fluid drains out. A pad can be used for the vaginal discharge. Do not use a tampon.
Pregnancy rates in several studies have been reported to be slightly increased in the first months following a hysterosalpingogram. This may be due to the flushing of the tubes with the contrast, which could open a minor blockage or clean out some debris that may be hindering conception.


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TREATMENT OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
The treatment of infertility has made enormous progress in the last decade as a result of advances in assisted reproductive technology, or ART. This technology combines the use of fertility drugs - hormonal therapy - with artificial insemination using any of a group of techniques: intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), or oocyte (egg) donation.
Intrauterine insemination (IUI): In this procedure, a small amount of concentrated sperm, first "washed" to remove most of the seminal plasma that surrounds it, is placed in the uterus through a thin plastic catheter that is passed through the vagina and cervix. Usually painless, the IUI procedure takes only a few minutes to accomplish.
IUI is almost always used in combination with a fertility drug - clomiphene or Pergonal - to stimulate ovulation followed by an HCG injection to trigger the release of an egg. The timing of the IUI is determined with the help of vaginal ultrasound, previous cycle lengths, BBT temperature graphs, or urinary LH correlation kits.


===> ==> CLICK THIS LINK TO GET FREE ACCESS TO DOWNLOAD THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc. We also offer a simple assisted reproductive procedure like INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION [IUI].
For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.


For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street,
Opposite The Synagogue Church Busstop,
Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos
Postcode: 100265
Nigeria.

TEL:
08032509975,
08184590752,
08058166504,
08064981455


EMAIL:
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com



DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

7 WAYS TO KNOW IF YOUR VAGINAL DISCHARGE IS DANGEROUS AND HOW TO PREVENT IT FROM DESTROYING YOUR FALLOPIAN TUBES

PROBLEMS OF VAGINAL DISCHARGE 


Ladies, must pay attention to this advice, especially if you wish to become pregnant someday. Pay attention to any possible vaginal infection you may have. I know, this is something we do not want to discuss. If the symptoms are not too severe, we put it down to a possible yeast infection and wait it out, praying it will quickly cure itself. In the process, we may use some over the counter remedies. But what we should be doing is seeing a doctor.Why? Infections in the vaginal region can be serious. They can lead to long term problems such as infertility issues later in life. They can make it difficult to become pregnant and they may cause complications to occur once you do become pregnant. They can even signal that you are infected with a possible STD (sexually transmitted disease).

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A discharge is a fluid released from a hollow space like the vagina. The
vagina is a tube 8-12 cm long. It opens at the lips of the vulva and is closed
at the inner end by the cervix (the opening of the uterus or womb). Wetness in
the vagina is produced by mucus from the cervix and from the vaginal wall
during sexual arousal. Many different bacteria, yeasts and parasites
(microscopic forms of life or ‘bugs’) live normally in the vagina without causing
symptoms. The vagina is usually acidic because the normal bacteria produce
lactic acid. Normal bacteria help the vagina protect itself from the kinds of
bacteria that cause disease. Candida (yeast) can live in the vagina in low
numbers without causing any symptoms.
Vaginal discharge [or Discharge from the vagina] refers to secretions from the vagina . Such discharge can vary in:
[A]Consistency (thick, pasty, thin)
[B]Color (clear, cloudy)
[C]Smell (normal, odorless, bad odor)

Having some amount of vaginal discharge is normal, especially if you are of childbearing age. Glands in the cervix produce a clear mucus. These secretions may turn white or yellow when exposed to the air. These are normal variations.
The amount of mucus produced by the cervical glands varies throughout the menstrual cycle. This is normal and depends on the amount of estrogen circulating in your body. It is also normal for the walls of the vagina to release some secretions. The amount depends on hormone levels in the body.
Vaginal discharge that suddenly differs in color, odor, or consistency, or significantly increases or decreases in amount, may indicate an underlying problem like an infection.

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CAUSES
The following situations can increase the amount of normal vaginal discharge:
[1]Emotional stress
[2]Ovulation (the production and release of an egg from your ovary in the middle of your menstrual cycle)
[3]Pregnancy
[4]Sexual excitement


ABNORMAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE
Unusual mucus or other substances coming from the vagina is a common problem. The discharge is often due to infection, and frequently associated with pain, burning, itching, and painful urination. Not all infections are sexually transmitted, so don't assume that vaginal discharge means that you have an STD. There are a number of possible causes:
Inflammation of the vagina. Called vaginitis, this is the most common reason for discharges and is usually caused by infection. There are three main types of vaginal infections, all of which can be treated with oral or vaginal medications. Each infection tends to produce a distinct discharge:
[a] Thick, white cottage cheese-like discharge, itching, irritated skin—yeast infection, or candidiasis. Women with diabetes and those taking antibiotics are more likely to develop this type of infection. Most women will have at least one yeast infection at some point in their lives.
[b] Thin, yellow, foul-smelling discharge—Trichomonas, which is usually transmitted sexually.
[c] Thin, gray or white, foul-smelling discharge—bacterial vaginosis.
[d] Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Frequently caused by STDs that infect the cervix, uterus, ovaries, or fallopian tubes, this is the most common and serious complication of an STD and occurs in 1 million women every year. Symptoms include vaginal discharge or bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and fever. Chronic PID can result from one or more infections. The most common identifiable causes are gonorrhea or chlamydia, both of which are sexually transmitted. About 20 percent of women with PID become infertile.

[e] Genital herpes. This infection can produce vaginal discharge if it affects the cervix. The first episode of genital herpes also features fever, itching, headache, and general muscle aches.
[f] Infection of the inside of the uterus. This condition, known as endometritis, is usually caused by STDs, fibroid tumors, cancer, giving birth, or intrauterine devices (IUDs).
[g] Inflammation of the vagina due to lack of estrogen. As a woman enters menopause, her body produces increasingly erratic amounts of estrogen. This often causes the vagina to dry out and become irritated. The condition is known as atrophic vaginitis and is treatable by estrogen replacement therapy, vaginal creams, and vaginal suppositories.
[h] Other, less common causes of vaginal discharge include pregnancy, genital warts, cancer, and foreign objects in the vagina, such as a tampon that could not be removed.

Your doctor will ask you about the type of discharge and whether it occurs immediately before, after, or during menstruation or sexual activity. You should also expect to undergo a pelvic exam.

Normal discharge doesn't smell, and does not cause any irritation or itching.
A discharge is likely to be abnormal if:
[1] it smells fishy
[2] it's thick and white, like cottage cheese
[3] it's greenish and smells foul
[4] there's blood in it (except when you have a period)
[5] it's itchy
[6] you have any genital sores or ulcers
[7] you have abdominal pain or pain on intercourse
[8] it started soon after you had unprotected sex with someone you suspect could have a sexually transmitted disease.

===> ==> CLICK THIS LINK TO GET FREE ACCESS TO DOWNLOAD THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM


POSSIBLE CAUSES
[1]Bacterial vaginosis -- Bacteria that normally live in the vagina overgrow, causing a grey discharge and fishy odor that worsen after sexual intercourse. Bacterial Vaginosis is usually not sexually transmitted.
[2]Cervical or vaginal cancer (rarely a cause of excess discharge)
[3]Chlamydia

[4]Forgotten tampon or foreign body
[5]Gonorrhea
[6]Other infections and sexually transmitted diseases
[7]Trichomoniasis
[8]Vaginal yeast infection


PREVENTION
[1]Keep your genital area clean and dry.
[2]Avoid douching. While many women feel cleaner if they douche after menstruation or intercourse, it may actually worsen vaginal discharge because it removes healthy bacteria lining

===> ==> CLICK THIS LINK TO GET FREE ACCESS TO DOWNLOAD THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc. We also offer a simple assisted reproductive procedure like INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION [IUI].

For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street,

Opposite The Synagogue Church Busstop,

Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos

Postcode: 100265

Nigeria.  

TEL:

08032509975,

08184590752,

08058166504,

08064981455

EMAIL:

joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com

joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com

DISCLAIMER

The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.

The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.

This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

RESUME OF VICTOR CHUKWULENYE EFUGHI

RESUME OF VICTOR CHUKWULENYE EFUGHI




PERSONAL DATA



SURNAME: EFUGHI

OTHER NAMES: VICTOR CHUKWULENYE

COUNTRY: NIGERIA

DATE OF BIRTH: 29TH JANUARY 1970

PLACE OF BIRTH: ABIA STATE

SEX: MALE

HOME TOWN: UMUAHIA

NATIONALITY: NIGERIA

RELIGION: CHRISTIAN

STATE OF ORIGIN: ABIA STATE

LOCAL GOVERNMENT: UMUAHIA NORTH



CONTACT ADDRESS:



JOAS HOUSE, 2 OKESUNA STREET, OFF IKOTUN-ISOLO ROAD, OPPOSITE THE SYNAGOGUE CHURCH, SYNAGOGUE CHURCH BUS/STOP,

BOLORUNPELU, IKOTUN, LAGOS, NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA.





NEXT OF KIN: MRS NKECHI EFUGHI [wife]



TELEPHONE NUMBER: +2348023069403, +23418112054





EMAIL ADDRESS: victorefughi@yahoo.com



PROFESSION: MEDICAL RADIOGRAPHER-SONOGRAPHER



QUALIFICATIONS

Meticulous accomplished medical radiographer with comprehensive experience in medical sonography (especially in areas of Obstetrics and Gynaecology[Pelvic] , Upper Abdominal, Small Parts, Breast, Vascular ,Musculoskeletal Sonography and administration, in hospitals and private imaging centres in Nigeria and Europe [Republic of Ireland].

Excellent communicator who is fluent in english, possesses working knowledge of over 14 years, strong team-working and multi-tasking skills, successfully completes examinations within short time and accuracy with great consideration to patient care and welfare.

Willing to relocate



PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE/ ACHIEVEMENTS



[A] CAREWAY HOSPITAL, Egbeda, Lagos, Nigeria 1995 – 2001

POSITION: Radiographer-Sonographer

[1] Operate X-ray, radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, to produce radiographs or anatomic images of the human body for the diagnosis by radiologists of disease or injury.

[2] Record and process patient data

[3] Perform basic verification and quality control checks on radiographic and film processing equipment

[4] Provide appropriate care for the patient during the radiographic examination

[5] Apply radiation protection measures

[7] Operate ultrasound imaging equipment that transmits high frequency sound pulses through the body to produce images of those parts of the body requiring examination

[8] Monitor examination by viewing images on video screen, to evaluate quality and consistency of diagnostic images, and make adjustments to equipment, as required

[9] Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure patient safety and comfort

[10]Proficiency in abdominal, obestrical, and gynecology ultrasound scan.

[11]Analyse sonograms, synthesize sonographic information and medical history, and communicate findings to the appropriate Radiologist.









[B] JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria 2001 -- 2008

POSITION: Senior Radiographer-Sonographer



[1] Operate X-ray, radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, to produce radiographs or anatomic images of the human body for the diagnosis by radiologists of disease or injury.

[2] Record and process patient data

[3] Perform basic verification and quality control checks on radiographic and film processing equipment

[4] Provide appropriate care for the patient during the radiographic examination

[5] Apply radiation protection measures

[6] Train and supervise student radiographers or supervise other radiological technologists.

[7] Operate ultrasound imaging equipment that transmits high frequency sound pulses through the body to produce images of those parts of the body requiring examination

[8] Monitor examination by viewing images on video screen, to evaluate quality and consistency of diagnostic images, and make adjustments to equipment, as required

[9] Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure patient safety and comfort

[10]Proficiency in abdominal, obestrical, gynecology , breast and small part ultrasound scan.

[11]Analyse sonograms, synthesize sonographic information and medical history, and communicate findings to the appropriate Radiologist.









[C] GLOBAL DIAGNOSTICS IRELAND LTD, Dublin Ireland 14 Feb 2008 – 24 July 2009

POSITION: Senior Radiographer-Sonographer



[1] Operate X-ray, radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, to produce radiographs or anatomic images of the human body for the diagnosis by radiologists of disease or injury.

[2] Record and process patient data

[3] Perform basic verification and quality control checks on radiographic and film processing equipment

[4] Provide appropriate care for the patient during the radiographic examination

[5] Apply radiation protection measures

[6] Operate ultrasound imaging equipment that transmits high frequency sound pulses through the body to produce images of those parts of the body requiring examination

[7] Monitor examination by viewing images on video screen, to evaluate quality and consistency of diagnostic images, and make adjustments to equipment, as required

[8] Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure patient safety and comfort.

[9] Perform quality control checks on ultrasound equipment to ensure proper operation and perform minor repairs and adjustments .

[10] Supervise and train student and other medical sonographers.

[11]Proficiency in abdominal, obestrical/gynecology, small parts , breast, vascular and Musculoskeletal sonography .



[12]Perform all requested sonographic examinations in a RIS/PACS environment.



[13]Use cognitive sonographic skills to identify, record, and adapt procedures as appropriate to anatomical and pathological diagnostic information and images.



[14]Use independent judgment during the sonographic exam to accurately differentiate between normal and pathologic findings.



[15]Analyse sonograms, synthesize sonographic information and medical history, and communicate findings to the appropriate Radiologist.



[16]Prepare preliminary reports and transmit them to the radiologist.





[D] JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria , August 2009 --- till date.



POSITION: Consultant Clinical Specialist Radiographer [Ultrasounds]

[1] Operate X-ray, radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, to produce radiographs or anatomic images of the human body for the diagnosis by radiologists of disease or injury.

[2] Record and process patient data

[3] Perform basic verification and quality control checks on radiographic and film processing equipment

[4] Provide appropriate care for the patient during the radiographic examination

[5] Apply radiation protection measures

[6] Train and supervise student radiographers or supervise other radiological technologists.

[7] Operate ultrasound imaging equipment that transmits high frequency sound pulses through the body to produce images of those parts of the body requiring examination

[8] Monitor examination by viewing images on video screen, to evaluate quality and consistency of diagnostic images, and make adjustments to equipment, as required

[9] Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure patient safety and comfort.

[10] Perform quality control checks on ultrasound equipment to ensure proper operation and perform minor repairs and adjustments .

[11] Supervise and train student and other medical sonographers.

[12]Proficiency in abdominal, obestrical/gynecology, small parts , breast, vascular and Musculoskeletal sonography .



[13]Perform all requested sonographic examinations in a RIS/PACS environment.



[14]Use cognitive sonographic skills to identify, record, and adapt procedures as appropriate to anatomical and pathological diagnostic information and images.



[15]Use independent judgment during the sonographic exam to accurately differentiate between normal and pathologic findings.



[16]Analyse sonograms, synthesize sonographic information and medical history, and communicate findings to the appropriate Radiologist.



[17]Prepare preliminary reports and transmit them to the radiologist.











EDUCATION



1 ] LUDES UNIVERSITY, Lugano Switzerland

Executive MSc , Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound 2009



2] QUEEN MARGARET UNIVERSITY, Edinburgh Scotland [UK]

BSc Medical Radiography 2009



3] INSTITUTE OF RADIOGRAPHY [RADIOGRAPHERS REGISTRATION BOARD OF NIGERIA] Yaba Lagos Nigeria

Pg[Certificate] in Computerized Axial Tomography 2006



4] INSTITUTE OF RADIOGRAPHY [RADIOGRAPHERS REGISTRATION BOARD OF NIGERIA] Yaba Lagos Nigeria

Pg[Diploma] in Ultrasonography 2005



5] AKI-OLU MEDICAL CONSULT/ANNAS SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, Agbado, Lagos, Nigeria

Pg[Certificate] in Ultrasonography 1994



6] FEDERAL SCHOOL OF RADIOGRAPHY, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria

Diploma in Medical Radiography 1994



7] AJEROMI IFELODUN HIGH SCHOOL

West Africa Examination Council (Equivalent to G.C.E. ‘O’ Level) 1987



8] LOCAL AUTHORITY PRIMARY SCHOOL

First School Leaving Certificate (G2) 1982





INTERNATIONAL ACCREDITATION AND VALIDATION

I am Registered/Validated to practice in The Republic of Ireland as a Medical Diagnostic Radiographer by The Department of Health And Children, with REF: S423/92 of 23rd February 2005







CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION

SEMINARS/CONFERENCES/WORKSHOPS/COURSES ATTENDED



1] 36th Annual Conference/Scientific Workshop of the Association of Radiographers of Nigeria, held in Lagos Nigeria from the 19nd – 22nd November 2003.

2] One week intensive Pattern Recognition Course, organised by The Institute Of Radiographers of Nigeria,held in Enugu Nigeria, from the 5th – 9th September 2005.

3] 2 Day Management Workshop for Chief and Director- Grade Radiographers, organised by The Institute of Radiographers of Nigeria, held in Lagos Nigeria, from the 14th – 15th July 2005.

4] 11th Congress of The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, held in Seoul South Korea, from May 28 – June 1 2006.

5]16th Annual Conference of The Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Society, held in Seoul South Korea, from May 27 – 28 2006.

6] 39th Annual Conference/Scientific Workshop of The Association of Radiographers of Nigeria, held in Enugu Nigeria, from the 22nd – 25th November 2006.

7] The Fetal Medicine Foundation Theoretical Course in Ultrasound Examination at 11 – 14 weeks gestation, held in Cairo Egypt, on 5th May 2007.

8]Intensive Course in Abdominal and Prostate Ultrasound , organised by Jefferson Ultrasound Research and Educational Institute/Centre for Ultrasound Research and Education, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, held in Lagos Nigeria, from 25th – 30th June 2007.

9]7th Middle East Imaging and Diagnostic Conference, organised by Arab Health/The American Academy of Continuing Medical Education, held in Dubai UAE, from the 28th –31 January 2007.

10]CPR PRO for The Professional Rescuer Course, organised by The Department of Health and Safety Division --- IBC, held in Dubai UAE, on the 2nd November 2007

11] Four weeks full time course in Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound , held at The Afro-Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore Pakistan , from the 3rd – 30th November 2007.

12] Advanced Course in Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynaecology , held in KASR EL AINI Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo Egypt, from 2nd – 3rd May 2007.

13] Transthoracic Echocardiography Ultrasound Course , organised by LUDWIG-MAXIMILIAN UNIVERSITY MUNCHEN[LMU MUNICH MEDICAL INTERNATIONAL] ULTRASOUND TRAINING ACADEMY DUBAI/HAVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL DUBAI CENTRE, Dubai UAE, from October 29th – November 1 2007.

14] The Fetal Medicine, Cairo 2007 International Congress, held in Cairo Egypt, from 4th – 7th May 2007

15] Second Trimester Fetal Medicine Foundation/ISUOG Course, held in Cairo Egypt, from the 4th – 7th May 2007.

16] Fetal Echocardiography ISUOG Course, held in Cairo Egypt, on 7th May 2007.









LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL MEMBERSHIP



Association of Radiographers of Nigeria

The Medical Ultrasound Practitioners Of Nigeria

American Institute of Ultrasound In Medicine

British Medical Ultrasound Society

World Federation Of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology

International Society of Radiographers and Radiologic Technologist

Afro-Asian Association of Ultrasound





REFEREES



1] MR. SUNDAY IDOWU

GENERAL MANAGER

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS HOUSE, 2 Okesuna Street,

Off Ikotun-Isolo Road,

Opposite The Synagogue Church Busstop,

Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos, Nigeria, WestAfrica

TEL: 23418112054



2] PROF. DR. SYED AMIR GILANI

Afro-Asian Institute of Medical Sciences

626-Shadman -1 - Lahore, Pakistan

Phone: 0092-42-7521116-7 Ext:786Fax: 0092-427521118 Mob: 0300-8460876

Email: director@aaimsonline.com , dgilani@brain.net.pk

Web sites: www.aaimsonline.com



3] Dr. Johnny Walker

CEO

GLOBAL DIAGNOSTICS IRELAND LTD

Rockfield Medical Campus,Balally, Dundrum,

Dublin 16

Republic of Ireland

TEL: +353 85 272 7577

EMAIL: j.walker@globaldiagnostics.ie





3] DR. BOLAJI  OLADUNNI

MEDICAL DIRECTOR

CAREWAY HOSPITAL AND MATERNITY

14, Orelope Street, Egbeda, Lagos Nigeria

Tel: 23418167197





4] MR. M .S. OKPALEKE

Director of Institute

Radiographers Registration Board Of Nigeria

Medical Library Compound

Medical Compound

Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria

TEL: +2348035825535

BREAST SELF EXAMINATION, PREVENT CANCER, SAVE LIFE

BREAST SELF EXAMINATION, PREVENT CANCER, SAVE LIFE
Breast cancer early diagnosis campaign.

BREAST SELF EXAMINATION(BSE)
BSE is regularly performed by a woman will make her familiar with the specific texture of her breast and know what is considered as normal for herself. She will discover a lump including cancer at an earlier stage than the one who does not practice BSE or the one who practice it occasionally. Cancer of the Breast is the most common cancer in women!

===> ==> CLICK THIS LINK TO GET FREE ACCESS TO DOWNLOAD THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM


Why BSE?
Approximately 90% of breast lumps are discovered by women themselves.
NB: Not all breast lumps are cancerous
Large numbers of women with breast cancer are cured if discovered and treated early

Positive family history of breast cancer is recognized as a risk factor
When and what stage do you perform BSE
All women older than 20 years should examine their breast monthly .Before menopause should examine 5-7 days after the completion of menstrual cycle. After menopause, or after removal of the womb or during pregnancy, choose a particular date each month and stick to that.How do you perform BSE?

Part 1: VISUAL EXAMINATION: -
-Performed standing before a mirror.
-Arm by side-Arms overhead and palms pressed together
-Arms on hips and press firmly
What to observe
[1] Change in size, shape or color (redness) of the breast.
[2] Change in position and shape of the nipple e.g. retraction, cracking etc
[3] Scaling or sores around the nipples
[4] Swellings, dimples or enlargement of the pores of the skin.

Part 2: PALPATION:
Performed standing or lying down with pillow under the shoulder of the side (i.e. Right or left) where the breast is to be examined, using the opposite hand. Then follow the pattern as described below;
-Starting from the outer part of the breast, palpate by making small circular movements. You must examine the entire surface including the nipples.
-Continue this way up to the nipples, you palpate with straightened fingers.
-Squeeze each nipple between the thumb and the index finger to eventually observe any nipple discharge.
-Hooked fingers will allow you examine the underarm with the wrist bent.


===> ==> CLICK THIS LINK TO GET FREE ACCESS TO DOWNLOAD THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM



What to observe
1. Any change in the texture of your breast e.g. thickening or hardening.
2. Appearance of a new lump.
3. Abnormal nipple discharge

What to do if you notice any unusual lump in your breasts?Contact your health care provider. ‘The earlier the better.’
NB: Early detection makes all the DIFFERENCE.




BREAST CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT [BRCAS]
YOU SHOULD KNOW YOUR…….
.-BREAST CANCER FACTOR(S)!
-BREAST CANCER 5 YEAR RISK!!
-BREAST CANCER LIFE TIME RISK!!!
DO YOUR BREAST CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT REGULARLY FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND CURE”BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS
Breast Cancer (BRCA) is one of the leading causes of cancer death for women.
1. A positive family history of BRCA in first-degree relative due to inherited genetic mutation BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
2. Early menarche and late natural menopause
3. Woman’s age at the time of her first live birth of a child
4. A woman with medical history of non-invasive BRCA, cancer of uterine body and has undergone biopsy with atypical hyperplasia or fibrocystic change of the breast.
5. Radiation exposure
6. Age of a woman, and hormonal supplementation.
7. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking etc
8. Race/Ethnicity

===> ==> CLICK THIS LINK TO GET FREE ACCESS TO DOWNLOAD THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM


SCREENING TESTS

X-RAY MAMMOGRAPHYTo find breast cancer early, NCI recommends that:Women in their 40s and older should have mammograms every 1 to 2 years. A mammogram is a picture of the breast made with x-rays.

SONOMAMMOGRAPHY [BREAST ULTRASOUND]
Sonomammography is ultrasound of the breasts. It is used as a complimentary test to mammography in patients with dense breasts [ young patients less than 40 years] or even in patients with breast lumps. It is done quite regularly with X-ray mammography
1. Breast Ultrasound can detect whether a lump is a malignant mass or a benign cyst. While there are a few exceptions, ultrasound can do it while mammography cannot.
2. Ultrasound It is relatively inexpensive and most mammograms must be complemented with ultrasound. As ultrasound is already used for diagnosis, we could skip one step and use it for screening and diagnosis.
3. Sonomammography is painless. Many patients say mammography hurts
4. Sonomammography scans the whole breast. Mammography scans almost all the breast
5. Ultrasound is safer: mechanical waves with very low power and very short exposition time. Mammography uses X-rays whose adverse effects are cumulative
6. Ultrasound works for dense breast. Mammography does not.
7. Modern Ultrasound devices are digital and can use computer-aided detection systems very easily.

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Further testing is necessary to confirm whether a lump detected on screening is cancer, as opposed to a benign alternative such as a simple cyst.In a clinical setting, breast cancer is commonly diagnosed using a "triple test" of clinical breast examination (breast examination by a trained medical practitioner), mammography/sonomammography, and fine needle aspiration cytology.Both mammography/sonomammography and clinical breast exam, also used for screening, can indicate an approximate likelihood that a lump is cancer, and may also identify any other lesions.Fine Needle Aspiration and Cytology (FNAC), which may be done in a GP's office using local anaesthetic if required, involves attempting to extract a small portion of fluid from the lump. Clear fluid makes the lump highly unlikely to be cancerous, but bloody fluid may be sent off for inspection under a microscope for cancerous cells. Together, these three tools can be used to diagnose breast cancer with a good degree of accuracy.
Other options for biopsy include core biopsy, where a section of the breast lump is removed, and an excisional biopsy, where the entire lump is removed.

PREVENTION
Regular exercise, weight loss, avoidance of alcohol, stressors, toxic chemicals and environmental pollutants are all helpful measures in the prevention of breast cancer. Dietary inclusion of dried beans, cruciferous vegetables , and whole grains have also proven beneficial. Brazil nuts, rich in the mineral selenium , when combined with natural vitamin E as found in almonds and walnuts are also highly effective in reducing cancer risk.

TREATMENT
The mainstay of breast cancer treatment is surgery when the tumor is localized, with possible adjuvant hormonal therapy (with tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor], chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.

===> ==> CLICK THIS LINK TO GET FREE ACCESS TO DOWNLOAD THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM


JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria , offers breast ultrasound screening with colour doppler for accuracy in diagnosis.We also offer mammography studies. For accurate assessment of your breast contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun lagos Nigeria.

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc. We also offer a simple assisted reproductive procedure like INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION [IUI].
For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.


For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street,
Opposite The Synagogue Church Busstop,
Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos
Postcode: 100265
Nigeria.  

TEL:
08032509975,
08184590752,
08058166504,
08064981455


EMAIL:
joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com
joasmedicaldiagnostix@gmail.com



DISCLAIMER
The contents, blogs and postings provided in this site are offered strictly for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal, medical nor financial advice on any matter. We have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and if you have any questions regarding the contents please contact us.
The informations provided in this site is subject to change without notice.
This site may contain links to other internet sites, we are not responsible for the privacy, practices nor the content of such sites, nor their relationships

FOLLICULAR TRACKING IN INFERTILITY INVESTIGATIONS

FOLLICULAR TRACKING IN INFERTILITY INVESTIGATIONS



FEMALE FACTOR INFERTILITYInfertility is the inability of a couple to become pregnant (regardless of cause) after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse (using no birth control methods).
Female factor infertility means infertility of a couple because of a problem in the female's reproductive system. The main causes of female factor infertility are ovulation disorders, tubal disease and endometriosis.

===> ==> CLICK THIS LINK TO GET FREE ACCESS TO DOWNLOAD THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM


INDICATIONS FOR FOLLICULOMETRY[1] Monitoring ovulation for infertility checks
[2] To rule out ovarian failure
[3] To rule out anovulatory cycle
[4] To rule out Luteinised follicular syndrome
[5] Gender selection
[6] IUI and IVF [assisted reproduction]

OVARIAN FAILURE FACTORThe diseases of the ovary which most frequently cause infertility are: anovulation from follicular atresia, the empty follicle syndrome, the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome; chronic anovulation syndromes, within which polycystic ovarian syndrome plays a major role; ovarian endometriosis.
Sonography and Color Doppler US are the first choice procedures in the monitoring of ovarian cycles, which combined with serum hormone values, are able to identify possible changes in the physiologic sequence of the cycle. In follicular atresia, ovaries with minute follicles (3mm or less) and early disappearance of primary follicle are observed on sonography. The empty follicle syndrome characterized by the lack of oocytes within the primary follicle, is of difficult sonographic diagnosis, a possible sign being the missed visualization of cumulus oophorus. The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome consists in the absence of oocyte expulsion from primary follicle persisting more than 48 hours after LH blood peak.

THE OVARY
The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in females are homologous to testes in males, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands.
Ovaries are oval shaped and, in the human, measure approximately 3 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm (about the size of a Greek olive). The ovary (for a given side) is located in the lateral wall of the pelvis in a region called the ovarian fossa. The fossa usually lies beneath the external iliac artery and in front of the ureter and the internal iliac artery.
Each ovary is then attached to the fimbria of the fallopian tube. Usually each ovary takes turns releasing eggs every month; however, if there was a case where one ovary was absent or dysfunctional then the other ovary would continue providing eggs to be released.

===> ==> CLICK THIS LINK TO GET FREE ACCESS TO DOWNLOAD THE SECRET FERTILITY SYSTEM


1. OOGENESISThe female germ cells, called oogonia, lodge in the outer layer, or cortex, of the ovary. They divide rapidly and at the fifth month of a female fetus's life number up to 6-7 million cells. At that time, they begin maturation and are now called primary oocytes, eventually maturing to become primordial follicles. At birth, a female baby will have 2-4 million primordial follicles. In terms of numbers, birth is the high point, as many of the follicles will degenerate so that, by puberty, a woman will have, on average, about 400,000 of these follicles in her ovaries. It has been generally accepted that these are all the germ cells a woman has for her lifetime because these cells have not been known to multiply during life the way the spermatogonia do. Although there is one recent article that suggests that germ cells in the ovary may be able to regenerate later in life, in humans, for all practical purposes "what you have at birth is what you get for life" is still the case.

2. FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT
Throughout female life from the onset of menstruation (menarche) to menopause, a small number of these primordial follicles are constantly beginning development. At puberty, hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary glands in the brain will start to influence ovarian function. Without these hormones, the follices will not survive. The names of the hormones: gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

3. OVULATIONWith respect to the ovary, the menstrual cycle is divided into two phases: the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is dominated by the development of the follicle under the influence of FSH, while the luteal phase is dominated by another pituitary hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH). LH and FSH cause the production of prostaglandins and enzymes that disrupt the follicle and release the ovum, or egg, from the ovary. This release into the peritoneal space at the open fringed end of the fallopian duct is called ovulation.


OVARIAN FOLLICLESOvarian follicle is the basic unit of female reproductive biology and is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary. They contain a single oocyte (aka ovum or egg). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (i.e, once a month).

GRAFFIAN FOLLICLEA mature ovarian follicle in which the oocyte attains its full size and the surrounding follicular cells are permeated by one or more fluid-filled cavities. Also called secondary follicle, vesicular ovarian follicle.The Graafian follicle is characterized by a large, fluid-filled antrum, and an eccentric oocyte. The granulosa cells can be divided into two groups; the zona granulosa is a thin layer along the periphery of the follicle and the corona radiata surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte has undergone the first meiotic division, giving rise to a secondary oocyte and the first polar body. The secondary oocyte is now arrested in metaphase of the second meiotic division and will so remain until fertilization. The first meiotic division appears to be initiated by LH acting on granulosa cells, however the exact mechanism of action is unknown. The Graafian follicle represents the final stage of follicular development before ovulation.
The Graafian follicle is identified by the large antrum , and the corona radiata that surrounds the actual oocyte and projects into the antrum
CUMULUS OOPHORUS: a mass of follicular cells surrounding the oocyte in the vesicular ovarian follicle.


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FOLLICULAR TRACKING BY ULTRASOUNDUltrasound Folliculometry is a serial Transvaginal ultrasound scan test carried out to monitor follicular growth . Follicular growth can be best monitored by ultrasound , providing 40–70% effectiveness. Folliculometry is one of the most accurate method for determining ovulation. Ovulation scans allow us to determine accurately when the follicle matures; and when it ruptures. Daily scans are done to visualize the growing follicle, which looks like a black bubble on the screen. Other useful information which can be determined by these scans is the thickness of the uterine lining - the endometrium. The ripening follicle produces increasing quantities of estrogen, which cause the endometrium to thicken. We can get a good idea of how much estrogen the patient is producing (and thus the quality of the egg) based on the thickness and brightness of the endometrium on the ultrasound scan.

In a normal ovarian cycle, a single follicle begin to mature under the influence of the gonadotrophic hormone FSH and LH. The follicle appears sonographically as a vesicular echo free structure on the ovary. While some small follicles from 0.4 to 0.6cm in diameter can usually be seen in both ovaries during the initial days of the cycle, a follicle on one of the ovaries become dorminant starting about day 10, enlarging to a diameter of approximately 1 cm. That follicle grows at an almost linear rate of 2 to 3mm per day over the next 4 to 5 days reaching a size of 18 to 24mm just before ovulation. The follicle may have a somewhat elliptical shape initially , but the preovulatory follicle is generally round.
Research found a good correlation between follicular size by ultrasound and the serum estradiol level .
In folliculometry the follicle diameter is determined by measuring the internal diameter of the follicle in three planes [ long, transverse, anterior-posterior] and taking the average of these diameters.
Sonographic follicular monitoring is started on about 6 to 8 days of the menstrual cycle, on day 10 when the dormant follicle presumably has reached a minimum size of 1cm. The scans are repeated at intervals of 1 to 2 days until ovulation is detected.
Occassionally the Cumulus Oophorus can be identified with a high resolution scanner shortly before ovulation. It appears as a peripheral circular feature within the follicular wall.
During folliculometry [transvaginally] we should make an effort to see the Cumulus mass. When a cumulus mass is seen, it can be taken as evidence of a sign of maturity of that particular follicle and oocyte. Cumulus visualization by ultrasound appears to be an indicator for mature oocytes and successful fertilization. Follicles in which the cumulus cannot be visualized are unlikely to contain mature oocytes or oocytes in which fertilization is achieved.
Normally ovulation is not expected to occur until the follicle has reached a size of 1.7cm.

Once ovulation has occurred , various sonographic changes maybe observed
[1] Complete disappearance of the cystic structure in the ovary.
[2] Collapse of the cystic structure with a decrease in its diameter.
[3] A cystic mass with internal echoes [the corpus hemorrhagicum]
[4] The presence of follicular fluid in the cul de sac.

Serial ultrasound examinations cannot only demonstrate normal follicular development. These include failure of the follicle to mature.
Defficient growth of the follicle and Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.


COMPLICATIONS
OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION SYNDROME

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a common
complication in assisted reproductive technologies. It is seen
to occur in ,10% of the treatments, and the severe form is
observed in 0.5–2% of IVF cycles . OHSS
is usually described by enlarged multicystic ovaries, ascites
and haemoconcentration. Acute renal failure due to a hypovolaemic
state following production of protein-rich ascites in
patients with OHSS .
Even though the complication risk related to IVF is low,
one should be aware of a possible compression or damage to the ureters with subsequent development of acute renal failure.


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JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc. We also offer a simple assisted reproductive procedure like INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION [IUI].

For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.

For FREE Consultation and FREE Counseling. Also for Quality and Accurate Medical Diagnostic Tests Contact

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX

JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.

We are located at

JOAS HOUSE, 2, Okesuna Street,

Opposite The Synagogue Church Busstop,

Bolorunpelu, Ikotun, Lagos

Postcode: 100265

Nigeria.  

TEL:

08032509975,

08184590752,

08058166504,

08064981455

EMAIL:

joasmedicaldiagnostix@yahoo.com

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