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All About intravaginal, intracervical, and intratubal Insemination
Most simply, insemination means the placement of sperm in a woman’s reproductive tract, with the aim to cause pregnancy. Insemination needs to take place during the woman’s most fertile time, about 24 to 48 hours before ovulation is expected.
Usually, when people talk about artificial insemination, they are referring to IUI, or intrauterine insemination. IUI is a fertility treatment that involves taking specially washed semen, and transferring the semen into the woman’s uterus using a special syringe.
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All About IUI Treatment
While IUI is the most common, and most successful, form of artificial insemination, there are other methods of transferring sperm to a woman’s reproductive system.
Intravaginal Insemination (IVI)
Intravaginal insemination (IVI) is the simplest kind of insemination, and involves the placement of sperm into the woman’s vagina. Ideally, the sperm should be placed as close to the cervix as possible. This method of insemination may be used when using donor sperm, and when there are no problems with the woman’s fertility.
Because success rates are lower than IUI, this form of insemination isn’t common, but is more common with “home insemination” treatments. (Home insemination may be used by lesbian couples, wanting to get pregnant using purchased donor sperm or sperm provided by a friend.)
Intracervical Insemination (ICI)
With intracervical insemination (ICI), the sperm is placed directly inside the cervix, using a needless syringe. The sperm does not need to be washed, as with IUI, because the semen is not being directly placed inside the uterus. However, it may be pre-washed to increase the chances of success.
Intracervical insemination is more common than IVI, but less common than IUI. It may be used if a couple wants to save money on the treatment procedure, as ICI is less expensive than IUI, especially if the semen is not pre-washed. However, success rates for ICI are low.
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Intratubal Insemination (ITI)
Intratubal insemination involves the placement of pre-washed sperm directly into the woman’s fallopian tube. The sperm may be transferred to the tubes through a special catheter that goes through the cervix, up through the uterus, and into the fallopian tubes. The other method of intratubal insemination involves laparoscopic surgery.
Unfortunately, intratubal insemination has been associated with greater risk for infection and trauma, and there’s a debate on whether it’s more effective than regular IUI. Because of its invasive nature, higher expense, and uncertain success rate, it’s rarely performed and is the least common form of artificial insemination.
What is IUI?
IUI, or intrauterine insemination, is a relatively simple infertility treatment, where a small tube is used to place specially washed sperm directly into the uterus. You may know of IUI by the more commonly used term artificial insemination (AI). IUI and AI are one and the same fertility treatment.
When considering fertility treatments above and beyond fertility drug use, IUI may be the first tried. It’s easier to do than assisted reproductive technologies, like IVF, and costs much less. According to a survey done by RESOLVE, the average IUI fertility treatment costs $895 (compared to $8,000 to $15,000 for IVF).
When is IUI used?
IUI may be used in some cases of male factor infertility, like low sperm counts or if a sperm donor is being used. IUI may also be used if the woman’s cervical mucus is less than ideal. Also, in cases of unexplained infertility, IUI may be tried if Clomid (clomiphene citrate) alone doesn’t help.
IUI may also be used if a couple would like to avoid the higher cost of IVF treatment. Even though IUI is less effective per cycle than IVF, a couple may be able to afford more attempts with IUI.
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How does IUI work?
As mentioned above, IUI is pretty simple. While fertility drugs are not always used during IUI, most doctors choose to use an ovulation drug like Clomid to increase the chances of success.
Whether or not you’re using fertility drugs, you’ll probably be asked to use an ovulation predictor kit at home during the cycle that treatment is planned for. Once you detect the LH surge (the hormone that is highest right before ovulation and detected by ovulation kits), you’ll need to call your doctor.
Assuming you’re not using a sperm donor, your partner will be given instructions for sperm collection (sometimes it’s done in the office; sometimes it can be done at home.) The doctor will then “wash” the collected sperm, and then, using a thin tube, the doctor will place the sperm directly into your uterus via the cervix.
Treatment is typically painless, with maybe a little cramping. It is performed in the doctor’s office, and the procedure can be done by a nurse or a doctor.
How successful is IUI?
In a review of studies on IUI and unexplained infertility, just 4% of women got pregnant per cycle without fertility drugs, and 8% to 17% got pregnant when fertility drugs and IUI were combined.
Though IVF success rates per cycle are much higher, IUI is significantly less expensive, and a much easier procedure. If IVF is out of your price range, multiple IUI cycles might be the better choice, depending on the cause of infertility. Speak to your doctor to understand all your options and risks.
Sources: By Rachel Gurevich, About.com Guide
Cantineau AE, Heineman MJ, Al-Inany H, Cohlen BJ. “Intrauterine insemination versus Fallopian tube sperm perfusion in non-tubal subfertility: a systematic review based on a Cochrane review.” Human Reproduction. 2004 Dec;19(12):2721-9.
Forges T, Monnier-Barbarino P. “[Is there a future for Fallopian tube insemination in women?]” Gynecologie, Obstetrique, & Fertilte. 2004 Oct;32(10):904-10.
Keck C, Gerber-Schäfer C, Wilhelm C, Vogelgesang D, Breckwoldt M. “Intrauterine insemination for treatment of male infertility.” International Journal of Andrology. 1997;20 Suppl 3:55-64.
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For further informations , FREE CONSULTANCY and COUNSELLING , Contact JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria, offer comprehensive infertility screening tests for both couples like Transvaginal Scan for uterine and ovarian functions,Ovulation/follicular tracking, HSG to evaluate the fallopian tubes, blood tests for hormone check, semen analysis etc. We also offer a simple assisted reproductive procedure like INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION [IUI].
For accurate assessment of your fertility situation, contact us at JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX, Ikotun Lagos Nigeria.
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JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX
JOAS MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIX-------WE ARE AN ULTRAMODERN MEDICAL IMAGING CENTER. WE ARE EXPERTS IN ULTRASOUND SCAN SERVICES, 3D/4D COLOUR DOPPLER SCAN SERVICES, X-RAY/RADIOLOGY SERVICES, ECG SERVICES, INFERTILITY SERVICES, HSG SERVICES, LABORATORY SERVICES,BLOOD BANKING SERVICES , DNA SERVICES, AND HEALTH CONSULTANCY/COUNSELLING SERVICES.
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